英语词法和句法与高考英语语法填空模拟题

  英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。

  [英语语法手册]英语词法和句法

  1.词法(morphology)词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。

  英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。

  2.句法(syntax)句法研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律。

  [英语语法手册]词类和句子成分的关系

  在句子里,一定的句子成分由一定的词类来担任。现将哪些句子成分通常由哪些词类来担任列述如下:

  主语:名词和代词

  Beijing is the capital of our country.北京是我国的首都。(名词Beijing作主语)

  She is fond of sports.她爱好运动。(代词She作主语)

  谓语动词:动词

  My brother rides. his bicycle to work.我哥哥骑自行车上班。(动词rides作谓语动词)

  表语:名词、代词和形容词

  His father is a doctor.他父亲是个医生。(名词doctor作表语)

  The lesson is easy and Short.这课书又容易又短。(形容词easy和short作表语)

  That classroom is ours,那个教室是我们的。(代词ours作表语)

  宾语:名词和代词

  I love music.我热爱音乐。(名词music作宾语)

  The medicine is good for her.这药对她有效。(代词her作宾语)

  定语:形容词

  Li Hong is an excellent teacher.李红是一位好老师。(形容词excellent作定语)

  状语:副词

  Our monitor does well in English.我们班长英语学得好。(副词well作状语)

  英语语法手册]短语、从句和句子

  短语(phrase)具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词,叫做短语。短语在句子里可以单独作为一个句子成分。短语的种类很多,但本书只用下列几个短语名称:

  a)不定式短语(infinitive phrase)如He 1ikes to read newspapers after lunch(他喜欢在午饭后读报)中的to read newspapers after lunch。

  b)动名词短语(gerundial phrase)如:

  Staying indoors all day is unhealthy(整天呆在家里不利于健康)中的staymg indoors all day。

  c)分词短语(participial phrase)如:

  I saw many people walking along the lake(我看见许多人在湖边散步)中的walking along the lake。

  d)介词短语(prepositional phrase)如:

  He came by bus(他乘公共汽车来)中的by bus。

  从句(clause)内含主语部分和谓语部分,表达一定的概念,但不成为一个独立句子的一组词,叫做从句。从句在句子里可以作为一个句子成分,一般由连词、关

  系代词或关系副词所引导。

  从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分;

  a)主语从句(subject clause)如What I want to say is this(我要说的是这么一点)中的what I want to say。

  b)表语从句(predicative clause)如This is what I want to say(这是我要说的)中的what I want to say。

  c)宾语从句(object clause)如I have said what I want to say(我说完了我要说的话)中的what I want to say。

  d)定语从句(attributive clause)如This is the thing I want to say(这就是我要说的)中的I want to say。

  e)状语从句(adverbial clause)如If you want to say something,say it clearly(假如你要说什么,就应说清楚)中的if you want to say something。

  句子(sentence)内含主语部分和谓语部分,有比较完整的意义的一组词,叫做句子。

  从句子结构本身来看,句子可分为:

  a)简单句(simple sentence)只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分,如:

  The people's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。

  b)并列句(compound sentence)包括两个或两个以上的简单句,中间常由连词连接,如:

  Tom's father worked from morning till night but he got very little money.汤姆的父亲从早干到晚,但挣得的钱很少。

  c)复合句(complex sentence)内含一个或一个以上的从句,如:

  It's a long time since I saw you last.好久没有看见你了。

  从说话人说话的目的来看,句子可分为:

  a)陈述句(declarative sentence)用来叙述一件事,如:

  I saw him yesterday.昨天我看见他了。

  b)疑问句(interrogative sentence)用来提出疑问,如:

  Did you see him yesterday?你昨天见到他了吗?

  c)祈使句(imperative sentence)表示请求、命令等,如:

  Please come in.请进来。

  d)感叹句(exclamatory sentence)表示喜怒等各种情感,如:

  What a beautiful voice she has!她嗓子多好啊!

  高考英语语法填空模拟

  一

  My favourite season is winter. You're probably thinking I'm slightly mad — after all, who doesn't love summer? Winter, in 1. ________ (it) own way, is wonderful. For anyone who still needs to be convinced, let me explain 2. ________ I love winter.

  During November, Christmas markets appear in 3. ________ number of towns and cities across the UK. London's Hyde Park becomes a huge winter wonderland, 4. ________ there are countless small shops selling food and gifts. Christmas markets have something for everyone. And this provides great entertainment!

  The weather gets noticeably colder: the mornings are often frosty and the nights close to freezing. I like the cold weather — for me, there's something nice about wearing a thick winter coat with a scarf and 5. ________ (glove).

  Along with countless school children across the UK, I get very 6. ________ (excite) about the thought of snow. A few years ago there was a lot of snow and many schools had the day off. Snowball fights are great fun and many families enjoy 7. ________ (build) snowmen together. I love a white Christmas; 8. ________ (unfortunate) this doesn't happen often in the UK.

  Throughout December, many churches and schools hold carol concerts: lots of 9. ________ (tradition) songs are sung. Christmas dinner is my favourite meal of the year. In my house, Christmas dinner usually 10. ________ (include) turkey, potatoes and lots of vegetables, followed by Christmas cake, pies and lots of chocolate!

  二

  1. ________ (think) about my time in France, I noticed quite a few differences between the French and the English.

  In French, there are two ways 2. ________ (say) "you": "tu" is the informal form, while “vous” is the formal form. When I learnt French, I 3. ________ (teach) to call everyone vous unless they were my family or a friend. So I was surprised that 4. ________ (actual) everyone in France used tu all the time. But I continued to use vous because I didn't want people to think I was being 5. ________ (polite). To be honest, I'm thankful that in English we don't have to worry about these things!

  School children in the UK traditionally wear a school uniform but in France pupils do not wear a uniform. It was a culture shock 6. ________ me to see children wearing Spiderman T-shirts and baggy blue jeans while in the classroom. The final difference which struck me was the 7. ________ (relax) attitude at school. Teachers were never in 8. ________ rush, and the children and teachers are given long breaks and lots of time to eat 9. ________ (they) lunch. This is a contrast to the UK, 10. ________ the school day might seem to be filled with pressure. I found the differences puzzling at times, but I cannot deny what a great opportunity it was to live in another country.


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