英文导游词（通用32篇）
Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,in the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name "mawangdui"formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely.
shaolin temple is china's famous temple, and chan sect. it is located atthe foot of shaoshi mountain and got its name from its location. shaolin templehas a reputation for its zen buddhism and shaolin gongfu, which is the mainattraction of the scenery spot. shaolin temple was built for indian monk patuoin 495 or 19 of the yaihe year in the northern wei dynasty by xiaowenemperor.
shaolin was built against the hills. in the period of its great prosperity,seven buildings lined the central line of the temple, but in the war amongwarlords in the period of kuomingtang, some main buildings were burnt byshisanyou, including the hall of heavenly king, the abbot's room and the hallfor preaching the buddhist doctrines and the bell tower and many preciousbuddhist sutras pugilism charts were destroyed as well. in the late 20thcentury, shaolin temple was rebuilt to the old system.
the stone tablets in shaolin temple are also well known, which are mainlyin the ciyun hall, or the tablet passage. about 120 pieces of handwriting worksare stored here, dating from the northern qi dynasty. many famous masters, suchas caijing, mipei, zhao meng fu and dong qichang, ever left their handwritinghere.
tower forest is where the monks were buried. the one in shaolin temple isthe biggest in china, 232 all together. it is of great value in the study ofbuddhism scriptures, buildings and zen buddhism.
besides, some other famous places include the buddhist convent, built inmemory of damo buddhist meditating facing the wall; damo cave and the sweet dewtower, where batuo ,the founder for the shaolin temple, translated thesutras.
in addition to the visit to the historic buildings, shaolin would giveperformance of shaolin gongfu, which will broaden your outlook and let you havea taste of the charm of shaolin martial arts.
chinese kungfu: chinese is a general designation of chinese wushu andgongfu, a culture developed from the long practice in life and the knowledge ofthe body. it's a traditional precious heritage, and at the same time a specialsport of great value.
with china's reform, chinese gongfu has spread over the world. to promoteits development worldwide, the olympic committee has included chinese wushu inthe events of the __ sydney olymipcs.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to china! welcome to hubei province! today i am very pleased to show you three gorges of yangtze river.
Hefei today I will lead you to visit the famous scenic spot - park, now please follow me to see together!
Before I visit package park, I first simple introduce for your bao. Bao, Mr Ren min word, northern song dynasty LuZhou mansion, is the true ZongRenZong dynasties together. In 999 AD, zheng was born in hefei small Bao Village, earning at the age of 28 jinshi, but bao was once turned down the opportunity to do it. He think: a man alive if JingXiao of raising their own parents, the official Canon, and talk about what the court do? So zheng follows the "parents, son not to travel" the old adage, filial at home ten years, until just as last magistrate of a county, 38, officer to Song Shumi after agreement. Since bao is aim to filial piety word, honesty and uprightness Canon, integrity; Died so bao zheng, movable, give him the writings.finally, "filial piety's" future generations regarded it as a bao bao zheng.
Now we had already arrived at the first stop bao culture park - bao temple. One can see the hefei bao temple is another celebrity li hongzhang and 1882 investment to build; So in the mouth of the old hefei has "the family ancestral temple, Li Guxiu". The bao temple, the first thing we see in the purlin door saying is "zhong Yin group, moral famous" eight characters, the eight characters is also mirrored in bao life. Enter the purlin, elegant with plumes in the air, bao's statue was sitting among them, the "color is mans cold" four characters reflected under a statue of baogong involved more majestic. A vice is said to be in purlin and reality of baogong involved a than a stone basso-relievo, we it is not hard to see from this statue, bao is a height of about one meter six Wen Ru scholar, and the ugly, long a pair of have seen are all afraid of ghost face of Yin and Yang, but the integrity of baogong involved, impartial and incorruptible image already deeply into the hearts of the people, so the drama stage bao is burly, brown long beard's image.
They please see again: "future generations eunuch, have made spoils abuse, shall not be released into capitalists. Wu died later, shall not be buried large Ying. Not from our volunteers, not my son. At issue on stone, in the east wall of the main, in a letter to the later generations." This is the family precepts of baogong involved, bao was fired home record such severe way to his descendants. In bao's death, his eldest son, the second son and grandson are very famous official at the time, the world is regarded as the "bao". Also has a museum of baogong involved in bao temple, demonstrated the resolution bao spread in the folk stories, such as: and other. Beauty case, playing dragon robe But bao in the history of what? Please follow me to the historical and cultural corridor of baogong involved to take a look. We show in the historical and cultural promenade bao "DuanZhou rolls inkstone" "LuZhou jiu" review "to the khitans" and other historical events. Including a handwritten poem bao "lent wall book county" : "blessed are as the fundamental, is the body for straight. Show all buildings, stainless steel does not make the hook." The two words is what life motto of baogong involved...
Visited the shrine of baogong involved, then please follow me to BaoXiaoSu cemetery park to take a look. Into the cemetery, we through the fault door, door god, we walk on the Shinto, respectively on both sides of Shinto lookout post, shiyang, and, man, was laid by the end of the Shinto is the god of baogong involved at church. In enjoy hall is behind, there is a party on the type of song dynasty tomb, there is a memorial in front of the burial, engraved "Song Shumi agreement BaoXiaoSu public the tomb of min", bao's bones were placed on this. Baogong involved not only in China have been admired, known as the "propriety"; Many countries in east Asia, southeast Asia more revered as a deity of baogong involved; In South Korea, China has two celebrity well-respected: one is Confucius, the second is bao.
Finally, please follow me to the wind pavilion, the imitation song dynasty style typeface type is a castle in the hefei people built to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the birth of baogong involved in 1999, the pagoda at the top of the wind, hefei is one of the ten views "hatosy thorn" panoramic view of the...
Hello everyone! Warmly welcome you to visit Haiyang! My name is … now I will show you a brief description . Haiyang has a total area of 1886 square kilometers with a population of 690,000. It has a superior geological position. It is near to Qing Dao and Wei Hai. Haiyang is famous for sand beach with a long distance. The 20__ Asia beach sports is held in the sand beach. The sign of this sports is situated in the sand beach. There is a sand sculpture art park in the beach. The climate here is suitable to live in. it is not very hot in summer and it is not very cold in winter. Hai yang is very rich for various of fruits and vegetables. For example, cherry, white-cucumber and apple. Cherry Festival is on May 28 annually, it attracts many guests from all around the world to come here to taste the cherry.
There are many sight spots in Haiyang, now I will show you some symbolic spots. Mountain Zhao Hu National Forest Park is situated in the north of the Haiyang city. Mountain Zhao Hu is a part of the ranges of Mountain Lao Shan with a total area of 1762 hectares. This mountain is 549.7 meters above sea level. Scenery diverses from each other all the year round. The park used to be a nationalized forest farm. The coverage rate of forests is 70%, the coverage rate of vegetation is 90%. The air is very fresh and clear. So the park is called “natural oxygen bar.” When you come into the park, you may take a deep breath, it is very helpful to your health. There are two water systems in the mountain, they’re named Nine dragon Lake and dragon gate Lake respectively. They’re spring from the top of the mountain, the water are drinkable. In the mountain, we not only experience the beautiful nature, but also feel extensive Buddhist culture. The east colored gazed Buddhist temple is located on the middle of the mountain, it was held a veiling ceremony by monk Shi Benhuan on November 7,20__. why we named” colored gazed Buddhist temple”? it is said that everyone is looking forward to “the east colored gazed world” which is regarded as a ideal place, everything there is made of colored gazed, even the body of medicine Buddha. The temple which sacrifices medicine Buddha covers a total area of 80,000 square meters . it takes 3 years to accomplish the whole building. The medicine Buddha can protect you from disease and lengthen your life.Since it is exploited, the park has become a significant sight spot in Haiyang.
The sight spot of The landmine war is situated in Zhu Wu town 12 kilometers away from the Haiyang city. Haiyang is the hometown of Landmine War, August first film studio made a film based on the story of landmine war in 1962. During the anti-Japanese war period, Japanese crashed into the countries to burn ,kill and rob. The common people built some landmine fabrication factory to fight against the enemies. They made many kinds of landmines and invented different kinds of fighting methods, hitting the enemies heavily. The outstanding representative in the war are Zhai shoufu ,yu hua hu and sun yu min. they took their efforts to fight against the enemies. In the spot ,the most interesting is watching the landmine war performance. The valid and humorous action will bring you to the era of the war. The actors are invited from Wu Shu Schools. So we should know our happy life is very hard to get. We should cherish our life.
迎着清晨一缕灿烂的阳光，沐浴着秋风。今天我们的旅程要在这美丽的秋色中拉开序幕。各位游客朋友们，大家好，欢迎大家参加安徽旅行社三河古镇之旅。我代表旅行社对大家的到来致以最诚挚的欢迎。我姓王，大家叫我王导或小王都可以。希望有我的陪伴，能让大家留下美好的回忆。
好了，马上就要到我们今天此行的目的地了，三河古镇。
三河距今已有2500多年的历史，自古百货交通，商贾云集，甚是繁荣。曾于1949年设市，当时人口5.6万，被誉为皖中商品走廊，是典型的中国水乡古镇。它坐落在巢湖岸畔，地处合肥，六安，三市交界处，位于安徽省城合肥至黄山，九华山的旅游黄金线上，距合肥35公里。因环镇而抱的丰乐河，杭埠河，与贯穿全镇的小南河合而为一而得名。镇内五里长街，青石板路光滑清澈；镇外，河湖环绕，一派“春秋”古镇，“皖中水乡”的美丽风光，形成了“外环两岸、中峙三洲”的独特地貌。是全国文明村镇，中国历史文化名镇，安徽省最佳旅游乡镇，安徽省环境优美镇，合肥市“新十景之一”。
大家抬头看，这就是三河古镇的标志性建筑，大捷门。大捷门位于三河镇英王路上，为4道边门牌坊。经名工巧匠精雕细作而成，是进入古镇风景区的大门。1858年太平军全歼湘军悍将李续宾精锐部队6000余人。取得举世闻名的三河大捷。大捷门因此而建成，纪念这场军事史上以少胜多的战役。
好了，现在我们来到了鹊渚廊桥。它位于小南河的外河上，因三河古称鹊渚而得名，距今已有1500多年历史，是三河最古老的桥。1982年重建，廊桥上有12根立柱撑起的两层飞檐翘角式的长亭，桥两边建有美人靠，供游人在桥上观景。外国人称廊桥为情人桥，有情人若从这桥上走过，爱情定会地久天长。
大家再看前面那座古桥，就是望月桥。望月桥为拱形踏步石桥，全桥用厚青条石铺成，栏杆是青石浮雕栏杆。站在桥上望月，可以看见三个月亮，一个月亮在天，一个月亮在水中，还有一个月亮在我们的心上。望月桥又称圆梦桥，据说，每到十五月圆之时。只要到这桥上望月许愿。你的愿望就一定可以实现。
现在我们去今天的最后一个景点，万年禅寺。
万年禅寺始建于宋太祖时期，即公元960年，佛历1504年。因为啊，宋太祖和宋太宗幼年随父亲逃难到这里，才能够避过劫难，成就了万世帝业。就觉得当年的逃难险象环生，化险为夷必有佛祖保佑，所以下旨在三河建造佛庙，供奉香火，祈愿万年基业，感化黎民百姓。亲题为万年禅寺。
可是千百年来屡屡被毁，与二龙街，黄水井一起见证着沧桑岁月，战火纷飞。 现在国运昌隆，社会和谐，万年禅寺才能复建。
万年禅寺隶属于大九华山天台下院，与三合众多的旅游景点相映成辉，相得益彰，成为善男信女朝拜的圣地，游客观光的佳境。
万年禅寺复建项目系大九华山天台下院住持宏学大师承建，占地面积30亩，分为大雄宝殿，地藏殿，藏经阁，庙前广场等。
好了各位游客们，上午的游览项目到此告一段落，大家可以去品尝三河的著名小吃美食，补充体力。也可以在古镇内随意游览，感受三河古镇的民俗和水乡温婉的美丽，下午两点之前在此集合，继续参观杨振宁故居和桃花岛，请大家注意安全，谢谢大家。
welcome to yunnan, welcome to tengchong! it’s my honor to be your guide. today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in tengchong, which are the most famous here.
as we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a brief intoduction of tengchong. tengchong is located in the southwest of china and occupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. there are 23 nationalities here, such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. when we mentioned tengchong, three things will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having 10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100 years.
later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now i can tell you something about the latter two ones. they all can reflect the long history tengchong has. tengchong is a city on boarder. and because of its location, it has been an important place for military reasons. and that’s a part of its history. it’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown of so many famous people. and another part of its history is that tengchong is one trade center of jade between china and burma. so don’t forget to get a round to the jade fair. i think you will feel interested.
ok, everyone, here is the library of the volcanoes. now let’s have a look at .the volcanoes in tengchong are famous in china, and it’s one of the four groups of volcanoes in china. the strong extravasations are the cause of the landform of tengchong. there is a lieder in tengchong saying that:” such a place tengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” it’s very vivid, from that you can see so many volcanoes are in tengchong. there are 97 volcanoes in tengchong now with high value of tourism and scientific research.
各位游客：
大家好！
天山风景名胜区位于东天山北坡，东起寒气沟，西至松树塘，南自天山庙，北接鸣沙山，总面积120平方公里，距哈密市约70公里，有省道（即丝路北新道）通往，交通通讯方便。
天山风景名胜区分为白石头、鸣沙山、松树塘、天山庙和寒气沟五个景点。“一日游四季、十里不同天”，从市区沿哈巴公路到天山风景区的70多公里路程中，可以领略到绿洲、大漠戈壁、草原、森林和雪峰五大自然景观，沿途的海市蜃楼、烽燧驿站、汉碑唐庙、牧场毡房、鹿群，可谓融丝路风情于一线、集西域特色于一体。哈密天山风景名胜区自1995年开始开发建设，1997年被自治区人民政府评定为自治区级风景名胜区，20__年晋升为国家AAA级景区。
Hello everyone, I am a tour guide from Lijiang Old Town, everyone can call me Rui Zi. In the process of traveling, please do not throw garbage, scribble, or do any dangerous actions... I wish you a happy journey!
Everyone will follow my pace. Look, this is our first stop-the gate of Lijiang Ancient City. In front of the gate are colorful flowers. Everyone can have a license for nostalgia. Next to the flowers are two big waterwheels. Listen, the big waterwheels are welcoming everyone with a bang! When you walk into the gate of Lijiang Ancient City, you can see two artworks. Everyone must think that these two artworks are carved! In fact, it was made by two living people with makeup, everyone can go and license them!
Attention, keep up with my footsteps and dont leave behind! We are at the second stop. Look, this ancient alley is shrouded in sunlight, and it looks like there is no end. The alley road is paved with bluestone slabs. Due to its ancient age, the alley is smoothed by people. Please be careful not to slip. On both sides of the alley is a dazzling array of shops with all kinds of things, such as puppets, jewelry, clothes...you can buy them, keep them for commemoration, or give them to others and your family.
Look at everyone, the fourth stop is here, this is our "Xiaoqiao Liushuirenjia". The water here flows down from the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. It is clear and bottomy, and the ice is cold. You can try it by hand, but you must pay attention to safety! There is a small bridge on the small river. On both sides of the bridge are comfortable inns and restaurants. The environment of the restaurant is very good. The stairs are made of wood. If you are tired, you can sing, drink tea and chat upstairs. Trouble will run out of Jiuxiaoyun.
Everyone is keeping up, we are on Sifang Street. Look, how busy Sifang Street is! They lit a torch and were dancing happily, tourists, you can also go dancing! Feel their enthusiasm.
Then, where we are now is the famous Dongba wishing bell, it is said that the wish is very spiritual here! Let’s make a wish!
Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province and an important industrial, commercial and financial city in southwestern China.
Located in one if the countrys richest agricultural plains,Chengdu has 12,. By rail,Chengdu is 2,048 km from Beijing and slightly over 2 hours by air of Beijing. Itcan also be reached by a less than 20 hours train rides with about 250 Km of tunnels. Chengdu has direct domestic and interna flights from elsewhere in China,Hong Kong and some neibouring countries. With an altitude of 500 meters, it has a temperate climate and abudant rainfall in summer. The population of Chengdu is about 9.60 million-divided among 8 districts,4 outlyihg cities and 8 counties. About 1.4 million people reside in the city center.
Chengdu has a history of over 20xx years. century BC,the king of Shu moved his capital to this first Chengdu Was only a county center. The second year it turnek into a developed so fast that the city received the name:Chengdu,which literally meant "becoming a capital". During the Western Han Dynasty（206BC~23AD）,the brocade weaving and trade brought so much prosperity to the local area that the government set up a special office in the Southwest of the city to manage brocade weaving and trade business city became Known as Jincheng（the Brocade City）her mane was given to Chengdu duringthe five Dynasties Period（907-960）when Meng Chang（孟昶）,emperor of the Later Shu State was in power emperor loved hibiscus very much ,and he had those flowers planted atop the city hibiscus in blossom made chengdu colorful for miles around Chengdu had another name called Furong Cheng（the Hibiscus City）.
Dated back to the Qin and Han Dynasties,Chengdu was alresdy one of the five top industrial du was already one of the five top industrial and commercial theTang Dynasty Chengdu was as prosperous as Yangzhou（扬州）,a big city located in the south of China. In the Nouthern Song veloped with several huge markets inside the gdu even had night markets and particular centers ,which had exclusive sales of certain commodities.
Traditionally Chengdu has long been well-known for its many crafts:embroidery,lacquer ware,silver artistry ,pottery,bamboo ware,silk weaving,cade are regarded as one of the top four fine silks in the Du Fu Cottage is a famous embroidery factory where skilled workers stitch out with their meedles silk elegant designs are perfect to view from both sides of the some other workshops,artisans at work carve intricate and elaborate objects of ivory and jade ,design precious silver articles,and weave bamboo into useful and beautiful pieces e workshops are nowadays a part of the tourist circuit as China opens up to the outside world.
Chengdu was one of the birthplaces of the an-Weng（文翁）,head of the prefecture of Shu started centuries saw the cultural development by contribuXiangru（司马相如），Li Bai,Su Shi（苏轼）who them and in return their excellent literature works enabled the local culture to advance.
Chengdu is pleasantly laid out with broad streets and many public parks vey,some older parts of the city still have marrow streets and sculptured wooden gdu has many places of interests to see highlights for visitors are DuFus Thatched Cottage,the temple of Marquis wu,Dujiang lrrigation Project and Precious Light des,local restaurants serve sichuan cuisine,which is as famous as Cantonese food all of the Sichuan food is spicy-hot er pedals and herbs are used in such specialties as "fired lotus flower","governors chicken"and "smoked duck with tea fragrance".
Chengdu is advancing in all fields attracts friends and visitors both at home and abroad.
Ladies and gentlemen, Hello everybody!
Towering Tianshan, the mouth of Tianchi, East and West more than 2500 kilometers, north-south width of 250 to 350 kilometers. The west border between China and Kazakhstan, east of the star gorge, stretches 1700 kilometers in our country. The Tianshan Mountains by 3 mountain ranges, from north to South are called the North Tianshan, Tianshan and South tianshan. Tianchi is located on the northern slope of Berg mountain in the middle section of the Northern Tianshan mountains. Berg mountain high and steep mountainous West, gradually. 20 mountain elevation 5000 meters above the vast and profound Xinjiang Qili, steep side open. Looking back and looking east, the mountain gradually low. Suddenly, the Bogda peak elevation of 5445 meters from the steep mountains in the upright posture. With the addition of two elevation respectively 5287 meters and 5213 meters peaks constitute the famous "three snow peak", has become the symbol of Xinjiang. Tianchi is because of rising steeply height is high anomaly. In fact, it's 1943 meters above sea level, strictly speaking, it is not halfway up the mountain". Dense forests, vast grasslands, numerous mountains -- Xinjiang Tianshan Mountains as "cradle of life", the top 1/3 accounted for Xinjiang area (more than 570 thousand square kilometers). The mountain is composed of three parts: mountain, mountain basin and piedmont plain.
Tianchi scenic area, which takes Tianchi as the center, integrates forest, grassland, snow mountain and human landscape as a whole, forming unique scenery features. It is the north of Shimen, South to the west line, Ma Asan, Dongzhi Dadonggou, a total area of 160 square kilometers. Based on the above, and look, a piece of green waves, the waves hung Wang as one falls, another rises, the mid levels, like a jade mountain giant hand lamp is held high. Along the rugged rocks, with green pines and verdant cypresses, surrounded by smoke storage cover; green grass and sheep wandering; more Millennium snow peaks, the God Jun anomaly, a landscape of lakes and mountains, beautiful.
Tianchi has a total of three water surface, in addition to the main lake, in the East and west sides there are two water surface, east side of the small Tianchi, ancient Black dragon Pool, located in the east of Tianchi 500 meters, legend is the West Queen bathing and grooming place, so there are "wash up stream", "bath fairy basin". Tan is Baizhang cliff, a waterfall, like a Changhong Yitian down, Shashi spectacular, help a King Day "Xuanquan Yao hong". The west side is a small Tianchi Lake, also known as the jade lake, which is said to be the West Queen Mother feet, located two kilometers northwest of Tianchi lake. The West Lake is in the shape of the moon, clear water deep, surrounded by pines. In the case of Haoyuedangkong, static shadow heavy wall, Qing Jing infinite, and therefore have a view: "green longtan". The pool side also linked to fly a waterfall, ten meters high, such as the Milky Way landing, thomsonae splash jade, called "Jade King silver curtain". Ikegami is Wen Tao Ting, Tang Ting Guanbao do not have a taste. Visible curtain pool Tao, green pine lakes; the ear can hear the water hammer in rock, acoustic shock rift.
Three kilometers west of Tianchi Lake is pole hill, 2718 meters above sea level, the length of the mountain is 3 kilometers. It was built in the Laojunmiao, Dongyue temple. When the priest in the top of the hill stands a pine rod, hanging lanterns, day and night out, when the people of Urumqi are in the lantern for God, as long as SuYouDeng indicates that the world peace, so the lamp also called peace lamp. By the Shanxi Urumqi pole distance, panoramic view, especially in the evening, far see Urumqi lamps and candles of a myriad families, an endless enjoyment.
Tianchi two kilometers southwest of Asan horse, 3056 meters above sea level, the mountain is 5 km long, the top of the mountain cliff towering cliffs, stone buildings, like a row of huge horse teeth, hence the name. Ma Asan stone forest is Tianchi scenic spot one of those boulders in the wind erosion, the formation of the office of the special landscape of horse teeth, the halls of stone shaped forms, shapes, or giant teeth like fangs, beast mouth, or layers of rolled like sea waves. There is a stone like ancient shepherd, head of a hat, expression of enron. Enter the forest always let you daydream. The horse tooth hill, north of Tianchi, everywhere beautiful; East Bogda, Xue three peak panoramic view; West Urumqi Grange farmhouse, visible before the eyes.
Daming monastery is located in yangzhou city in northwest sichuan, 27, was built in the southern dynasty liu song period of the ancient temple.
Distinguishing the master had presided over the temple in the tang dynasty, to pass on one's experience about law. Temple built nine layers of a habitat of spirit. Today daming monastery in distinguishing memorial hall for the tang dynasty style architecture, distinguishing in 1963 died when the 1200th anniversary of the foundation, built in 1973, the main hall of worship with dry paint on 须弥座 clip made distinguishing storage cave, close the meditation, persistent, peace. Its front yard has more than one plant height when the rare flower Joan, lush leaves, spring blossoms as white as tracts, have the reputation of "yangzhou qionghua, the unique thing in the world". To daming monastery I saw people like tide, just went in to see there is a big sign, reading: "Ursa" four characters, once we worship the Buddha inside.
Finally, we came to live spirit. After entering their spirit inside there are four Buddha, are all the same, we have been to climb, to climb to the seventh layer have been exhausted, climb to the top to rest for a while, for air, air to continue to climb again. Finally climbed to the ninth floor, I feel very proud and very happy, I told mom and dad said: "I'm so happy, the wind is very comfortable!" I look down, the good little, as if some toys, people like only small ants crawling around, and I look ahead in the distance, originally the world is so big!
Down after saw a tower and a drum. Leave is always coming, the day is so happy!
Greeting Words： Good morning Ladies and gentlemen, it’s so nice to meet you here. My name is Jo, come from China International Travel Agency, and I’ll be your guide for these 3 days in Henan. On behalf of CITA, welcome to Henan.Here seated our driver Mr Lee, who has good skills and rich experience in driving. During your stay in Henan, we two would do our utmost to make your stay pleasant！And your cooperation would be appreciated！ If any requirement is needed,please just feel free to let us know. We would be pleased to help you.Wish you a wonderful stay in Henan！ Thank you！ Now our car is drivingon the expressway, it takes about three hours to our destination— scenic area. During this period of time, I’d like to give you a brief introduction about Henan and the place we’re going to visit. Henan, one of the largest provinces with richest tourism resources in China, has numerous tourist attractions of both naturalness and humanity, and it is hard to name them over.Among them, the is one of the tourist attractions with widest popularity in the world. Now, let’s focus on it and talk it over in detail and try to keep some of the main points in mind since we’re going to pay a visit to it .Now, we have arrived at the scenic spot, please close the window tightly, carry on your belongings and get off the bus. Our car number Yu A12345, and my phone number isplease bear them in mind. At12：00pm, we’re supposed to assemble here, please hold the time.
The ShaoLin Temple The shaolin temple was first completed in 495, during the reign of Northern Wei Dynasty. In 527, Bodhidharma, the disciple of Sakyamuni of the 28th generation came here to practice Zen creed. As it was concealed in the thick woods of the shaoshi hill, it was given the name Shaolin Temple meaning “temple in the woods of Shaoshi Hill”. As you know, the shaolin temple is widely known not only for its ancient and mysterious Buddhist culture, but also for its martial arts, that is Kungfu in Chinese, which enjoys a tradition of some 20__ years. So that’s the saying “Chinese Kungfu taking the first place under the heaven” and “the best kungfu originating from shaolin temple.” In the year 20__, the temple sightseeing zone was designated to be one of the AAAAA—grade tourist attractions of China by the National Tourism Administration
Now we’re standing in front of the Front Gate Hall. Please look up at the plaque hanging above the lintel, and you’ll find the plaque bears three Chinese characters, Shaolin Si, the name of the temple. This is said to be handwritten by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. This work is very precious because the emperor r wrote. Ok please follow me. Just now, we have visited the Front Gate Hall, steles, ginkgos, and the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, and now, we are just in the principal hall in the temple, the Hall of Mahavira. This hall is enshrined with three main Buddhas in the central part. They are Sakyamuni Buddha sitting in the middle and Pharmacist Buddha of the Eastern Glazed World and Amitabha Buddha from the Western Paradise sitting on both sides. Along the gable walls, sit 18 Buddhist Arhats, who were enlightened Buddhist monks. On both sides in front of the Hall of Mahavira, stand the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower symmetrically. They were rebuilt in 1994 used to report hours for the temple. Normally the bell is used in the morning, while the drum, in the afternoon, hence the saying “morning bell and afternoon drum”.
In front of the Bell Tower is the stele called “the Stele of Li Shimin” telling the story about how the monks from the Shaolin Temple rescued Prince Li Shimin from being pursued and attacked by Wang Shichong during the late Sui Dynasty. Li Shimin, who later became the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty wrote the inscriptions on the stele personally,and left with a signature of Shi min on the stele. Ok please come with me, we are going to the next hall. So now, the pavilion in front of us, not like the Zangjingge and the Abbot’s rooms we visited just now, enjoys a moving story. It’s named Dharma’s Pavilion or Lixue Pavilion, that is “Standing in the snow” in English. It says： After Boddhi Dharma came to China, many Chinese Buddhist believers wanted to be his followers, and Shengguang was the most prominent of all of them. Healways followed him whenever and wherever he went and served Dharma with heart and soul. But Dharma didn’t agree to accept Shengguang as a disciple. Shengguang didn’t lose heart and became even more steadfast. On a snowy night, he begged as usual with Budhidharma outside, standing in the knee—high snow. The master set forward a prerequisite： he would not meet his demand unless it would snow in red flakes. Suddenly Shengguang drew out the sword and cut off his left arm and stained the snowy ground. Bodhidharma was so moved that he passed his mantle, alms bowl and musical instruments on to Shengguang and gave him a Buddhist name of Huike. He was regarded as the second founder of the Zen sect. Emperor Qianlong wrote a phrase on a plaque in commemoration Alright everyone, now we are in the last hall, Pilu Hall, also called a Thousand Buddha Hall. It’s also the largest structure of the Shaolin Temple. This is just the highlight of the sightseeing zone. So until now, the visit in the Shaolin Temple is almost over. I think you may have some questions about the temple, or you want to take some photos. So, please do remember, you have half an hour. After half an hour we will gather in our bus, and make sure you’ll be there on time. And then we are going to the Pagoda Forest. Thank you for your attention！
The longmen grottoes Around 13 km south of Luoyang, there are two picturesque hills confronting each other with the Yi River flowing northward between them, connected by an arched stone bridge resembling a natural gate tower. This is the right place named Longmen, where the well—known Longmen Grottoes is located. The grottoes, which earns the fame of one of the Three Treasure Houses of Stone Sculpture in China, was created over 1500 years age. It was first known in the year 493 AD, when Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang from Datong, Shannxi Province, which marked the initiation of development and expanse of Buddhism in Central China. It prolongs for 1000 meters from north to south. According to the statistics conducted in recent years, there are 2300 caves and niches with over 100000 Buddhist figures. In addition, more than 2800 tablet inscriptions and some 40 Buddhist pagodas were preserved in or out of the caves.
Now, we’ve got to the grottoes. In front of you, here is the Qianxi Temple. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty around 640 AD. It has altogether 7 Buddhist statues inside, of which, AmitabhaBuddha is sitting in the central part with 2 of his favorite disciples, 2 Bodhisattvas, and 2 Heavenly Kings. Please come with me. Now we are in front of the Bin yang Caves. The Bin yang Caves consist of 3 large caves, the North, the Middle and the South caves. The Mid and the South caves were built under Emperor Xuanwu for practicing the merits and virtues for his diseased parents, late Emperor Xiaowen and late Empress DowagerWenzhao. While the North Bin yang cave was added for the late Emperor Xuanwu by a eunuch in the palace. In the Western Hill of Longmen, there are several “the most” caves to feast your eyes. Just now, we visited the Ten—thousand Buddha Cave with 15000 Buddhist images, which has the most Buddha images, and the Lotus Cave with 2cm—high Buddha images, which are the tiniest Buddha images. And now, we’ve come to another “most”, the Fengxian Temple. Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto in Longmen Temple with a width of 36 meters and a length of 41 meters. The most impressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross—legged on the eight—square lotus throne. It is 17.14 meters in total height with the head 4meters in height and the ears 1.9 meters in length. At the sides of Vairocana there are two statues of Vairocana Buddhas disciples, Kasyapa and Ananda, wearing prudent and devout expressions,next are 2 Bodhisattvas, Heavenly Kings, andGreat Men of Strength. Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra. The Buddha has a well—filled figure, a sacred and kindly expression and an elegant smile. The chief Buddha gives you an impression of dignified manner, magnificent looking, wise, farsighted and kind nature. The various appearances and delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tangs powerful material and spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of peoples wisdoms. Looking around the overall arrangement, we would rather say that the Fengxian Temple is a scene of a grand imperial court than a spot of Buddhism. Generally speaking, the Fengxian Temple is the most magnificent and artistic among all the shrines of the Tang Dynasty as well as an example of success in integrating politics with Buddhism in ancient China. Ok everyone, now you can take photos here. Or you can ask questions that you don’t understand. After 15 minutes we will gather right here. See you then.
Yuntai Mountain Situated in Xiuwu county, Hennan province, Yuntai Mountain has edged onto the China National Natural Heritage Candidate List due to its unique geological landforms, rich natural resources and cultural relics. It is characterized by its structural cuesta, flying waterfalls on faulted cliffs, quiet valleys and clear springs.Known as a world geopark, it was one of the first world geoparks to be approved by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 20__. The park is known for its massive gardening areas, overhanging high cliffs, flying waterfalls, secluded valleys and spring water, with a spring in every 3 steps, a waterfall in every 5 steps, a pond in every 10 steps .Covering an area of 190sqm, the scenic spot is composed of many sightseeing places, such as Tan pu Gorge, Quanpu Gorge, Red Stone Gorge, Zifang Lake, Macaque Valley etc.
The Red Stone Canyon, which is a rare canyon sight in north China with waterfalls, lakes, pools and gullies, is highly acclaimed by gardening experts as a “natural gallery for mountain and river collections” because of its grand and exclusive landscapes. The most splendid waterfall in the canyon is the Bailong Waterfall, divided into three falls, measuring 30 meters in height. It looks as shiny as a huge silver dragon. A good place for waterfall watching is the Heilong （Black Dragon） Cave, which is as long as 30 meters with absolute darkness inside. Standing in the cave, you can not only see the marvelous falls dashing down into the deep pools but also the perilous high stiffs, narrowly separated from each other by fast—flowing gullies so that the sky is scarcely visible. The spring water flowing down the cliffs splashes into water drops that dazzle in the sunlight like colorful diamonds, looking like a unique picture hanging on the wall. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its grotesque hill, which extends as far as eyes can see. The main peak, Cornel Peak, is 1308m above the sea level.It is said to be famous for a poem by a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty called Wang Wei, who worked out a popular poem when he climbed up the mountain. The poem Thinking of My Brothers in Mountain Climbing Day fully conveys his emotion of missing friends. Mounting to the mountain top and looking far into the distance, you can see the Yellow River winding like a silver belt. Having a bird view of the foot of the mountain, you can see chains of peaks like sea waves. The weather on the top is oftenhttp： unpredictable. All at once clouds gather and wind blows,with mist rising among the mountains. The mountains looming in the mist and clouds look so vague that you feel as if you were in a fairy world.
Also, It had been the secluded place of seven Bamboo Forest Sages of the Wei and the Jin Period. Medicine King, Sun Simiao, once collected Chinese medicine here. Many historical stories are spreading in the area related to some fames once visited here. Yuntai Mountain is famous for its numerous rivers, lakes, pools and springs. Here we can see the highest waterfall in the country———— Yuntai Skyscraper Waterfall, which is 314 meters high like a huge pillar, reminds us of a famous peom of Libai“ The waters puring down from thousands above of the mountain, like the silver river dropping down from top of the heaven”. It looks especially magnificent, forming a unique spectacle along with other waterfalls, such as the Tianmen Waterfall, Bailong Waterfall, Huanglong Waterfall and Y—shaped Waterfall, dashing abruptly downward. Well,next spot for us is the Qinglong Canyon here, renowned as “First Canyon in Central China”, attracts many people for ecological touring for its mild climate, rich water resources and various vegetations.
The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival Now we’re leading our way to the city of Kaifeng. Kaifengis one of the 8 major ancient capitals of China. The city of Kaifeng was already in existence before 700 B.C. During the period of Warring States more than 2,000 years ago, King Hui of the State of Wei moved his capital to Kaifeng, rebuilt the city and called it Daliang. Since then, Kaifeng was the capital of several dynasties. As an ancient capital, Kaifeng has a lot of historical relics and scenic spots. Some of them have been preserved, such as the iron Pagoda, Po Pagoda, Xiangguo Monastery, Dragon Pavilion. They are precious heritages of the Chinese culture. The famous painting Qingming Scroll is believed by some to portray daily life in Kaifeng. The painting, of which several versions are extant, is attributed to the Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan. Have you ever dreamed of going back to Northern Song Dynasty in China and enjoy the prosperity and culture of those years？ If so, come to the Garden of Market in Qingming Festivallocated in the old city of Kaifeng in Henan Province. Find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure to realize that dream. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival located on the western bank of Longting Lake is a grand cultural garden. It covers an area of 600 mu, and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters .The built area consists of several architectural complexes which are re—creations based on the famous twelfth century painting by Zhang Zeduan of The Qingming Festival by the Riverside.
When you enter the Garden of Market in Qingming Festival, a statue which is 16 meters tall comes into view. This figure is none other than the artist Zhang Zeduan, who holds his famous drawing of The Qingming Festival by the Riverside. This picture is a painted scroll which is 525 cm in length and 25.5 cm in width depicting life along Bian River during the Qingming Festival. The scenes in this painting are highly detailed and the spectacle is magnificent. There are large numbers of people and buildings. The people are shown in a variety of contemporary clothes that indicate their social standing and occupations. The lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult to imagine the sounds in the street scenes where the people are crowded and noisy. We can almost hear someone’s bargaining with a shop owner while others are cheering entertainers. The picture is like a live symphony of life during the Song Dynasty.
Now we can find these scenic spots such as City Gate Tower, Rainbow Bridge, distinctive shops and others which are re—created in the Park according to the scenes in the painting. The Garden of Market in Qingming Festival not only reappears the vast vigor of the Millennium Picture, but also makes the history living by flexible creative idea, makes tourists the sense of backward flowing time by entering the park, just like passing through the space tunnel. Another scenic spot called Rainbow Bridge is a well—known feature in the Park. It is a replica of one of the ten ancient timber bridges. The bridge is 5 meters high. The first bridge was built in 1050, and reconstructed in 1998. Four 9 meters high columns, two at either end of the bridge, replicate the poles that were weather vanes at the time of the Song Dynasty. A white crane sits on a disk at the top of each column and they turn to face into the wind, indicating its direction. As a scenic spot for folk—custom tours, Chinese authorities have done a lot to preserve folk handcrafts and folk customs. You can see the process of making handicrafts, such as Bian embroidery, paintings for new years, enamel wares, tea ceremony, spinning and weaving, figures made from flour and sugar and folk—custom performances, such as acrobatics, folk arts and performances of birds, fighting cocks and dogs. Here, you are not only a visitor, but an actor. For example, you can act as Mr. Right in the competition for marrying Mr. Wang’s beautiful daughter and have the opportunity to enjoy the traditional wedding festivities. And you can be the No.1 Scholar in the imperial examination to bring honor to your ancestors. There is a large amusement hall built in the Song style, where many amusement activities are held, including swings, balance beams and many other amusements. As an ecological scenic spot, this garden was built and forested according to the Market Day During the QingMing Festival. The whole garden combines natural beauty with historical flavor, thus forming a favorable place to have a true rest and evoke your full energy both physically and spiritually.
Yin Ruins Yin Ruins is at Xiaotun Village of Anyang City. In ancient times, Xiaotun was called Yin and it was the capital of the Shang Dynasty. So the period was also called Yin Shang. After the Yin had been overthrown, the city declined and the remains of it was later called the Yin Ruins. Since the founding of new China, the Yin Ruins had been listed as the first group of cultural relics under national protection. In order to preserve its culture, the government built “Garden of the Yin Ruins” on the site. Today the garden is divided into several sections with ancient objects on display. Because of its great value in not only the historical relics of Chinese culture but also the human civilization of the whole world, Yin Xu topped the 100 Greatest Archeological Discoveries of China in the last century and it was listed in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）. Yin Xu is revealing its beauty to the world.
OK, everybody. Soon we’ll get to the Museum on Yin Ruins, the best museum for the study of the Yin Shang Culture. The Yin Ruins is famous for three things,i.e.the oracle inscriptions, the bronze wares and the ancient capital of the Shang Dynasty. As you know, China is one of the earliest countries to discover characters. As early as 4,000 years ago, people used bones or tortoise shells to record events of their social life. It is the earliest written form of language in the world. Today we call them the oracle bone inscriptions, which were first discovered in the Yin Ruins. Well,let’s come to the main hall where the oracle inscriptions are exhibited. The oracle bone inscriptions were first discovered during the years of Emperor GuangXu, in the Qing Dynasty. In 1899, in Xiao Tun Village of Anyang City, Henan Province, villagers found many tortoise shells and bones carved with letters and symbols, which unveiled to the world from Yin Xu, an ancient city with a long history and splendid culture.Then more than 16,000 pieces of bones and shells were found. But in the Shang Dynasty, they were used as divinations, when people were very superstitious. The inscriptions cover a wide range of fields, such as sacrifice, wars, state affairs, weather, hunting, etc. Today, they provide important information for the study of the Shang Dynasty. And the study of the oracle bone inscriptions has become a new subject and is getting more popular among people. Since
then this place has become of great interest to worldwide archeologists, because those inscriptions have proved to be the earliest written characters of human beings, the Oracles. Apart from the oracle bone inscriptions, bronze wares are another important part of the cultural relics discovered from the Ruins, which show that the technology of bronze casting reached its peak in the Shang Dynasty. The bronze wares include vessels, weapons,chariots and so on. Among all the unearthed wares, SimuwuQuadripod unearthed in the mausoleum area of the Yin Ruins, the largest and the most famous bronze sacrificial vessel in the world, is 875 kg in weight, 133 cm in height. Standing on the open plaza in front of the great hall is an enlarged copy of the original one for the convenience of touring and appreciation, with the original one cherished in the Museum of Chinese History. With its unusual air of majesty, together with its elegance in appearance and intricately carved in patterns, it is considered a treasure in the bronze culture of China as well as a glorious pearl shining on the peak of the world art. To cast such a significant vessel carrying such a great weight, advanced techniques and experiences in organization of laborers are necessary. As many scholars have pointed out, this huge bronze quadripod reflects the advanced slavery system of the Shang Dynasty and the unusual power of creation of the people. Finally we come to the side of the imperial palaces and tombs. Lying on the southwest of the Foundation Ruins C, Fuhao Tomb is one of the most important archeology discoveries in the temple. It is also the only discovered and well—reserved tomb of Shang royal members since the science excavation of Yin Ruins. Now, let’s know something about the first woman general in Chinese history.FuHao was Emperor Wu Ding’s wife,both intelligent and courageous. She had bravely led the Yin army fighting in many wars and made great contributions to the protecting of the country. After her death, Wu Ding built a large tomb near the palace to honor her merits. Buried together with her were many slaves and war prisoners as well assacrificial objects. The large numbers of sacrificial objects are valuable cultural relics in the treasure house of Chinese art.
Chaya Mountain
Chaya mountain scenic area is located in SuiPing county Zhumadian, 25 kilometers away from downtown, a total of 150 square kilometers, average altitude of 600 meters. It is the first scenic area published in Henan, presently that wins national geological parks, national forest park and national 4A scenic spots. Because of its exquisite scenery that builds a strange beautiful scenery scroll, Chayamountain is honored “Huaxia basin” and “Jiangbei forest of stone”. The poor landform, so that is the military commander battleground. As the valuable and non—renewable geological heritage, the Chaya Mountain includes the steepness of Huashan Mountain, splendor of Taishan Mountain, peculiarity of Huangshan Mountain, elegance of Emei Mountain and tranquility of Yandang Mountain. As the only granite landform ruins in China, also rarely seen worldwide, Chaya Mountain has great scientific values.
And now, we have got into the ChayaMountainscenic, the whole scenic is divided into four parts, namely Beeswax hill, Southhill, Northhill, six peaks hill. The essence of scenic spots is mainly concentrated in the Southhill parts,just the part were going to visit today. The mountain is bestowed with an agreeable climate and abundant resources. In each season, there is a splendor of beauty. In spring, birds sing and flowers give forth fragrance； in summer, the umbrageous woodlands can be seen and clinking sounds of flowing spring water can be heard； in autumn, the mountain is fiery with maple leaves and in winter, clothed in white snow and ice. Ok, please attention to look forward；we saw the highest peak of the rock firstly that is the landscape of “monkey look upon moon”, the protruding part in the center is “the sleeping Tang monk”,turn right 45 degree, we will see the “drinking Bajie”. You will see his opening mouth and vertical tongue and pretty belly poured drunk in hillside, his childlike scene is so lifelike that reluctant to leave.And then, we can see a peak that is “Beewax peak”, why entitled this name？ It is side that there are full of wild flowers on the whole hill, so many bees are collecting pollen come here. And the honey is too much and nobody collect it, so these honey were curdled in the stone. Every summer, the hill wasshined by the strong sunlight irradiation； honey will be flowedout the stone, and the whole mountain looks like besmear covered with a thick layer of beeswax, so peopleput the mountain.
named "Beeswax Mountain".And the lake under the mountain also got a beautiful name Xiumi lake. ChayaMountain, compared with other mountains has its unique, the upper mount roll over one another, everywhere is strange stone, and mountain peaks, buton the bottom have thousands of holes. The MillionMan hole is one of them.Due to natural form of MillionMan hole is the underground cave, so there are many holes in it, like a big giantmaze.And the space of the hole can accommodate tens of thousands of people, therefore the name "million man hole".Enter the second door of the scenic area； we canpause to look upon the left, a big tree hanging on the steep cliff. Its leaf is thick and cold, and its dry resistance is strong. According to the provincial forestry bureau experts identified, it has been growing 600 years at here. Why it can survive in this environment？ Experts said that the root of the tree have a special function that its root can secrete a kind of liquid that can dissolve microelement in the rock, the tree will rely on absorption this rarely microelement to keep its life.This also responds the saying：” The survival of the fittest”. Let’s keep moving, now we came to the center of the scenic spot stone monkey park. Enter Monkey Park like into a monkeys warm home, three monkeys feel happy, pictured a harmonious family scenes.Look, there was a deep gorge in the north of the stone monkey park that is the boundary between Chaya Mountain’s north hill and south hill. The stone monkey before our eyes that are the largest lifelike stone monkey in the world. Looking at stone monkey at penglai three holes, seem to see a pair of embraced young lovers. But atxiumi lake area, then you can see the peculiar landscape that elder monkey back younger monkey, it is real that a stone three scenes. It is the time that ended the explain of Chaya mountain, then you can look around freely, after half an hour, we will gather at the mountain’s door and have a lunch, please take full use of the time. Thank for your cooperation！
the Native Place of Emperor Huangdi
The Native Place of Emperor Huangdi is located in the north of Xinzheng City. As a scenic spot of 4A— class assessed by the National Tour Bureau, it is a holly land for Chinese people all over the world to worship their ancestors, with memorial temples, andmausoleums of Emperor Huangdi situated here. Every year on March 3 of the lunar calendar, the day when the first emperor in China established the first nation in Chinese history, people of Chinese origin from home and abroad gather in Xinzheng, the birthplace of XuanyuanHuangdi, or the Yellow Emperor, to offer sacrifices and worship this legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation. To respect this great Emperor, his descendants have held large ceremonies of worship, which have been attracting descendants of Yanhuang from America, Japan, Korea, Canada and other nations and areas each year. They come back to worship, seeking their roots here in China.
Now, Here we are, The Native Place of EmperorHuangdi.This square was built in the end of 1998.It covers an area of 15,000 square meters,of which 7,900 square meters are covered with trees and flowers. It has become a very important place for the domestic and overseas Chinese descendants to hold large—scaled activities to worship their ancestors. In the center of the square here is a three—legged tripod caldron, whichwas cast in the shape of bears, reminding of the Emperor Huangdi’s rising from the Youxiong Tribe. The three—sided body of the tripod caldron has the embossment of three dragons with a fireball, implying the glorious sun and praying for favorable weather for crops and a harvest. Standing at the center of the altar, it is laurelled as “the No.1 tripod caldron of the world” for its unparalleled size and its special origin. It is 6.99 meters in height, 24 tons in weight, which has been registered in the Guinness World Records. The height number of 6.99 made up of figure 6 and 9 implies the majesty of grandness in traditional Chinese culture. Through the Xuanyuan Bridge above the JishuiRiver , here we can see the main hall. Please look at the pair of the guarding animalssitting on both sides of the gate.They are stone bears. Do you know why chose bears to guard the gate？ Because 5,000 years ago,there used to be many bears in Xinzheng. Bear was a kind of animal,very powerful and fierce then. In order to show people’s worship, the Youxiong Tribe regarded bear as the totem of their own tribe. Well, let’s enter the hall, there’re 8 mural paintings on the wall,which vividly depict the.
great achievements of the Yellow Emperor during his life.They’reThe Birth of the Yellow Emperor,Making Boat and Chariot,Setting up an alliance by EmperorHuangdi and Emperor Yandi, Crusading AgainstChiyou,Making Youxiong the Capital, Holding High the Dragon Flag, Developing Agriculture and Stock Raising, Creation of Chinese Civilization. It’s a long story behind these paintings： It is recorded that, in the Prehistoric Times, there lived many clans and tribes around the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, yet Huangdi was the most renowned tribal leader at that time. When the tribe lead by Yandi began to decline, Huangdis tribe was flourishing. During this period, Chiyou,another tribal leader, often lead his stronger tribe to invade other tribes, and invaded Yandis tribe. With the help of Huangdi, they defeated Chiyou.After 52 battlesHuangdi united China. All Chinese, despite nationalities, regardedHuangdi as our ancestor. Huangdi, the initiator of Chinese civilization, was hence worshipped by his descendants. After the capital was built,EmperorHuangdi raised his flag of dragon, symbolizing the unification of all tribes. The dragon was integrated with different parts of various animals： horse’s head, deer’s horn, tiger’s mouth, snake’s body, fish’s scales, and eagle’s claw. Since then, dragon has been the symbol of Chinese nation. On the both sides of the main hall, there’re eastern wing hall and western wing hall.In the east side hall,there is the statue of LuoZu, the first wife of EmperorHuangdi. She was the first person to raise silkworm and weave silk in ancient China and alsoan outstanding representative of ancient Chinese women. Every feudal dynasty set up temple for her and worshipped her as “the first ancestor in silkworm raising”. While in the west side hall, here is the statue Mother Mo, the fourth wife of Emperor Huangdi, who had invented the earliest “loom”for weaving. Later generations called her “mother Mo———the ancestor of weavers”.
Yamen in Neixiang County
The construction of the Yamen here started in 1303 in Yuan Dynasty, and the present buildings were built in Qing Dynasty. It was the most well preserved government office of country level in feudal China. Since our opening up to the outside world in 1984, it has attracted a number of our government officials and visitors form both at home and abroad because of its special history, science, attractive value and its own charm. We have the famous saying ： Beijing is the dragonhead while the dragon’s tail is in Neixiang. It is also one of the important cultural relics of state level.
The front part building of the Yamen was called a screen wall, which was built with blue brick relief sculpture. In the middle of the screen, there is a strange beast, which is called “Tan”. It was said to be a greedy beast that could swallow gold and silver treasures in the legend. Here in the picture we can see that around it there are treasures everywhere. But he is not satisfied. His mouth opens widely intending to swallow the sun in the sky, but as a result, he falls off the steep cliff, having his body smashed into pieces. The picture on the screen was first created by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. The purpose of the drawing is to warn the government officials not to take bribes and break the law. Here is the main entrance, halfway there is another gate right in the middle, called Yimen, the second main official entrance. It used to be open only on the day when new governor took his place or when higher official came to visit. On both sides of the second gate, there’re two small doors, the one on the east was called Life door, while the one on the west was called Death door, or Ghost door, which was used only by the criminals when they were sentenced to death and were going to be killed. Passing through Yimen, you can see a grand building here in front of you . That is the great hall. The great hall was the place where the governor of the county announced the government orders, and also some important ceremonies were held here and some important and serious criminal cases were tried here. In the middle of it, a trial desk was placed, and on the desk, the four treasures of the study and the red and green bamboo pieces used for trial could be found. On the front side of the screen, there’s a picture of seawater, tide and the sun, meaning that an official should be as clear as the sun and the moon and as clean as seawater. In other words, an official should be honest and upright. When the prosecutor and the defendant were taken to the hall for trial, they must kneel down on the stones. The square stone on the east was for the prosecutor, and the rectangle stone on the west was for the accused. Since most cases.
involved more defendants, the stone for them was longer then. The house behind the great hall was called doorman house. The man who guarded the house was called Doorman, who was the county governor’s relative or people who were close to him. Now we have come to the second hall. It was the place where the County Magistrate dealt with small cases. Please look at these famous couplets, which means that before law everyone is equal. So the judges should pass the fairest judgment on people. This is called Fuzi Yard, an ancient form of address to a Confucian scholar or to a master by his disciples. Fuzi was usually the official’s assistant who was usually their close friend of knowledgeable and artistic talent. Everyone, including the county governor respectfully addressed him as Lao Fuzi, so the place where Fuzi worked was called Fuzi Yard. Finally, let’s go to the third hall. It was the place where county governor did his daily work. If the cases he dealt with were of great importance, he would do it here. There was also a garden behind. It was here that county governor enjoyed his free life and got away from his government affairs. As we can see now, there’re many succinct couplets with rich intension here. But this one before the third hall was the most famous. It was written by GaoYigong , a county governor in Neixiang county. It means that being the local officials, we rearded the common people as our parents. We worked for them voluntarily and willingly.Nowadays , many of our Party leaders like Chairman Jiang Zemin read it with deep feelings, and Premier Zhu Rongji sings high praise of it. The words can be no doubt regarded as famous saying and epigram, and the only one of its kind. So now the Ymen in Neixiang, together with the Museum Palace in Beijing, and the other two in Hebei and Shanxi, has formed a special international tore route of the four great ancient Chinese Yamens. Neixiang is now going out of Henan and into the world. We warmly welcome all the reiends from all over the world to visit Neixiang, and enjoy the elegant demeanor of the ancient Yamen.
How do you do! Today we are going to visit the ancient city of Lijiang. I hope you can leave a good memory in the ancient city of Lijiang!
Dear tourists, we are walking around Lijiang ancient city. Look, we are surrounded by numerous Naxi style houses, clear stream country lane, small bridges like rainbow across the stream, and rows of weeping willows swaying in the breeze. Whats better! Lets go ahead with me and look at the ancient city on both sides. There are many kinds of goods in the shops, especially the bright copper wares, which are always praised by the tourists. OK, lets enjoy it slowly. Dont fall behind!
Tourists, do you know that Lijiang has been an important political and economic center since ancient times? The Mufu of Lijiang on Sifang street is a witness of Lijiangs history. When it comes to Mufu, it is said that Lijiangs hereditary chieftain is the surname of Mufu. If the word "Mufu" is framed, it will be trapped. Because of taboos, Mufu will not set up walls. Xu Xiake, a Chinese traveler in Ming Dynasty, once wrote in his travels to Lijiang that "the palace is beautiful, and it is intended to be the king" and "the community of private houses and the rows of tile houses" are the portraits of the prosperous landscape of Lijiangs old capital in those days.
Dear tourists, todays one-day tour of Lijiang ancient capital is coming to an end. Do you have a good time? Also pay attention to environmental protection, do not litter. Hope to be a tour guide for you next time!
Ladies and Gentlemen，
Welcome to Beijing.Beijing is the capital of China as well as one of the four ancient capitals in china.Many foreign friends known Beijing because of the the success of the Olympic Games. Please sit back and relax. Iam your local guide for your Beijing tour ,you can call me Amry.This is our driver Mr. Zhang.We will make every effort to provide the best quality service.Like me, Beijingers are always ready to welcome friends from all over the world with their most hospitality.During you Beijing tour we will visit the Forbidden City、Great Wall、Summer Palace and other attractions.I hope that the old as well as fashion Beijing willleave you a good memory.
The first attraction of our tour in Beijing is the Forbidden City.The first thing people would think of when talking about the Forbidden City is it the place where Chinese emperors used to live and hold their courts. .But the value of the Forbidden City is not limited to this.It is a microcosm of Chinese history, Chinese culture and Chinese architecture.The Forbidden City is located in center oBeijing. It was imperial palace of both Ming and Qing dynasties.With a history of over 600 years, it is the largest and most complete palace complex that still exists in the world. 24 emperors had rule the empir from here for more than 500 years. Forbidden City is also called Purple Forbidden City .In the feudal society ,emperors had supreme power , so this residence was certainly a forbidden place . Purple was the symbolic color of the North Star which was believed to be the center of the cosmos .So it got the name of Purple Forbidden City.
The building arrangement within the Forbidden City is symmetrical.And it is divided into two parts :the outer court and the inner court .The former is the place where emperors handled courts and held different ceremonies.It consists of Taihe ,Zhonghe and Baohe Halls.Taihe hall is the largest hall within the Forbidden City.It was the location where Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Emperors hosted theirenthronement and wedding ceremonies .The inner court consists of Qianqing, Jiaotai and Kunming Halls where the emperor lived and handled day-to-day work.The lmperial Garden lies on north of the Kunming Hall. It looks like a natural picture.This is the place where the emperor and his family play.
Since the founding of new China, the Forbidden City has been well maintained.It was made part of the world cultural heritage list in 1987.Tody as the largest museum of cultural relics in China, it collected and displayed one million precious relics .
Now I want to ask you a question.How many houses are there in the Forbidden City? It was said that there were 10000 rooms in the complex of the Heaven Palace .As the son of the heaven , emperor had to build only 9999.5 rooms .Actually ,there are only 8707 rooms in the Forbidden City.
As The saying goes, seeing is believing.With curiosity, let's walk into the Forbidden City.Let's appreciate Chinese culture and feel the history of the rise and fall of the Chinese emperors.
Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.
Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" on theone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.
Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.
What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.
The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.
Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIt's 2.08 meters high and called Mian. It's said that it's one of the nine sonsof the dragon. It's very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the people'sorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhang's life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Di's great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.
After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and the people are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhang's achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.
Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.
On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, Zhu Yuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.
Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.
Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.
Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhang's achievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchu's high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxi's southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.
This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. It's the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. It's easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall of Xiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.
Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors' questions.
From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.
Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Ma of Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. It's just that the Ming Dynasty's top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynasty's Mausoleum's top is oval.
Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.
In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.
The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.
As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, today's visit iscoming to an end. Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!
Ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where we"re arriving is "one of the two most beautiful town in China"——the old town of fenghuang,it"s a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and.
Good morning!
Ladies and Gentlemen：
Today we will go and visit the Yuelu Academy! Yuelu Academy is one of the four famous academies in China, and it was established by Zhudong, magistrate of Tanzhou prefecture in 976A.
Hunan in taojiang river lake, beautiful scenery, is famous tourist destination at home and abroad. Hunan has a long history, humanities, person of outstanding ability, "subject chuweicai, to fill in. Hunan rich natural resources, known as the reputation of "HuGuang cooked, the world", is the famous "land of fish and rice".
Hunan famous scenic spot: the national famous historical and cultural city, changsha city, yueyang city, fenghuang county. National 5 a grade scenic spot: the capital changsha - j scenic spot, the yueyang yueyang tower, junshan island scenic spot, xiangtan shaoshan scenic spot, hengyang nanyue hengshan scenic area, zhangjiajie wulingyuan, zhangjiajie tianmen mountain scenic spot [. World natural heritage, wulingyuan scenic spot, shaoyang sunnybrook Lang mountain danxia (China)
Hunan is continental humid subtropical monsoon climate, climate has three characteristics: first, light, heat, rich in water resource, the high value of basic synchronization again. Second, climate during the year and interannual change is larger. Winter cold, summer heat, temperature is changeable, spring the autumn temperature steep fall, spring and summer rain, autumn and winter drought. Suitable for autumn tourism.
Hunan province is located in the Yangtze river in the south of the Yangtze river middle reaches, as most is located in the south of dongting lake in hunan province. The xiangjiang river in hunan province on the north-south, so called xiang. Hunan jiangxi province in the east, west chongqing expensive, which the guangdong to the south, north of hubei. The provincial jurisdiction over 14 province, 122 counties (city, area)
Hunan province in the south of the Yangtze river south dongting lake the name. The pre-qin period to the chu, "jiangnan" in hunan province, the earliest name; Until the sui dynasty, "jiangnan" for today in hunan province as the main body cover surrounding parts designed said; Tang belong to jiangnan road, Jiang Naxi, after observation, hunan province, as the beginning of the name of hunan; Song said hunan road; Yuan ridge north of hunan road; Ming HuGuang province, after the change of the provinces HuGuang originally department; Clarify HuGuang provincial place in hunan province, the province has not changed.
Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou guide words, ladies and gentlemen : Today we will visit scenic spots is the Huangguoshu Falls. Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first in the Fall, as well as in the world wide to the Great.
huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xi’an. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot. in the qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name lishan tang (the lishan hot spring). the site was extended into a palace in the han dynasty, and renamed the li palace (the resort palace). in the tang dynasty, li shimin (emperor tai zong) ordered to construct the hot spring palace, and emperor xuan zong had a walled palace built around lishan mountain in the year of 747. it was known as the huaqing palace. it also had the name huaqing pool on account of its location on the hot springs.
huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).
the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.
Today we are going to visit Zhongyang Street. This is the downtown area. In order to better know the street， we are going to walk through it， which takes about 40 minutes. Those who do not like walking may keep seated， our coach will go along another street and stop at the Flood Control Monument. Those who cannot walk that far may take a taxi to the Flood Control Monument. Now let6‘s get off the coach， and take a walk on Zhongyang Street.
Zhongyang Street measures 1450 meters from Jingwei Street in the south to the Flood Control Monument on the riverbank in the north. This is China‘s longest walkway. The street was built at the end of the last century. It was connected to a wharf at the Songhua River. Because of the constant transport of the goods needed for building the China Eastern Railway， a shopping center began to take shape along this street at the turn of the century. Harbin at that time was a semi-colonial city with a foreign population of many thousands. Politics and economy were actually controlled by foreign powers. Owing to the concentration of Chinese shops along this street， foreigners took it as a China town and called it China Street.
Have you noticed the cobbled road surface? This is the only cobbled street left in Harbin. This cobbled street was paved in 1925. Thanks to the good quality， the street has kept in good shape with a few repairs in the past. This street began to take shape as an international street in the 1920s. There were over a hundred shops and many were owned by forergners， such as Russians， Greeks， Czechs， Swedes， Swiss， Frenchmen， Germans and Englishmen. They built their shops in their individual styles. Therefore， the street not only looked like a foreign street， but also was controlled by foreigners. Now this smooth cobbled street may remind us of the past when foreigners were sitting in chariots along the street， as if we could still hear the horse-hoofs clicking on cobbles.
Over half a century is past， Zhongyang Street is weather-beaten. With the implementation of reform and opening-up， it is ready to welcome visitors with a new outlook.
The building in front of us is very attractive. Its some and arched windows are typical of the Byzantine Style popular in Europe during the Middle Ages. It was built in 1934 and it was a shoe shop owned by a Czech. After liberation， it became a specialty shop-Women and Children‘s Department Store. It is the biggest specialty shop along Zhongyang Street. There are a good variety of commodities. Now some world famous specialty chains have also set up branches down here， such as Crocodile， Bossini and so on. You can see some gentlemen also wandering in the Women and Children’s Department Store. At such a good shopping place， they will not walk out empty-handed.
Opposite the Women and Children‘s Department Store is the Central Shopping City opened in November 1994. On its original site there were five small stores run by Russians， which were built in 1932. After liberation， they were turned into one department store. In 1994， the old building was torn down， and this comprehensive department store was built. The architecture is a combination of a European castle with modern architecture. It has become a new scenic spot on Zhongyang Street.
Guilin landscape botanical garden is located in the southwest of downtown, in the original production of Montenegro of virescence seedling nursery based on construction. Montenegro nursery was founded in 1938, is the guilin first garden nursery. In 1993 changed to guilin botanical garden in Montenegro. Guilin in October 20xx, the government in order to optimize the ascension of the old city, old city reconstruction, initiated the ecological construction in Montenegro, invested more than 6000 ten thousand yuan, in July 20xx, completed the first phase of construction and open to the public free of charge, and the formal name for guilin botanical garden landscape.
Guilin landscape botanical garden is a collection of scientific research, popular science, sightseeing, leisure in one comprehensive park, covers an area of 47.9 hectares, to guilin urban land currently the largest park. It was opened, to further improve the guilin city park layout, enrich the urban ecological environment, optimize the urban landscape, provides citizens with a flying mood, pleasure beautiful comfortable green environment, at the same time close the positive interaction of public gardens and service economy.
Guilin landscape botanical garden trees towering, vegetation is rich, sort is various, tall trees with guilin native tree species as skeleton, to for the bright spot of colored tree species and rare plants, according to the principle of "protection first, after development", on the basis of effective to keep the original vegetation, introduced the cultivation of all kinds of plant species, 1000 kinds of varieties of more than 2600.
Rare botanical garden, sweet osmanthus garden expo park, banyan tree, palm garden, tea garden, magnolia, YinXingYuan, European garden, cafe DE jack, garden, bonsai garden, flower hall, baihua stage, such as park, has a plant diversity to collect, display, protection, utilization of resources, education, recreation, and other functions, become a unique scenery line, city is a miniature of the society, the harmonious development of man and nature.
And now let’s go to see the youngest volcano in Tengchong, we called it “打鹰” Mountain, which means hunting eagles. This volcano lies in the center of the whole place and stands in a height of more than 2600 meters. It looks sheer, tall and straight, just like the famous Fuji in Japan. And we always consider it to be Fuji second.
Everyone, pay attention to this kind of special stone. It looks like a very big stone, maybe it’s too heavy to carry. And now look at me, I can hold it easily. Aha, it’s light, lighter than I think. This kind of stone we call it “浮石”, which means a kind of stone can float on the water. It’s formed by the erupting of the volcanoes.
Everyone, please follow me. Now we will go to see the hot springs. There are all kinds of hot springs in Tengchong, which occupy a vast land. When you go there you can see a vaporous world just like a wonderland. The temperature of the water is very high. If you put an egg into the hot spring, after 10 minutes, you can get it out and eat it. Of course the taste is good, would you like to have a try?
Of course you can enjoy natural beauties as well. The pearl Spring drops big and small beads continuously, just like the pearls crawling in the plate. And 醉鸟 Swell, whoes name means letting the birds get drunk, has a strange function. When there are birds flying above it, the birds will fall down and fall asleep. It’s really interesting.
And after visiting these wonderful spots, we can have a rest, and maybe some of you want to have a bath in the hot spring. I suggest you do so, because the water here can cure disease which based on medical reasons.
300 hundred years ago, a famous traveler named 徐霞客 came here and was overwhelmed by the scenery of Volcanoes and Hot Springs, today the same scenery overmaster us.
welcome to yunnan, welcome to tengchong! it’s my honor to be your guide. today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot rings in tengchong, which are the most famous here.
as we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a brief intoduction of tengchong. tengchong is located in the southwest of china and occupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. there are 23 nationalities here, such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. when we mentioned tengchong, three things will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot rings having 0,000 years, the border city having ,000 years and the fair of jade having 00 years.
later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot ring, so now i can tell you something about the latter two ones. they all can reflect the long history tengchong has. tengchong is a city on boarder. and because of its location, it has been an important place for military reasons. and that’s a part of its history. it’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown of so many famous people. and another part of its history is that tengchong is one trade center of jade between china and burma. so don’t forget to get a round to the jade fair. i think you will feel interested.
ok, everyone, here is the library of the volcanoes. now let’s have a look at .the volcanoes in tengchong are famous in china, and it’s one of the four groups of volcanoes in china.
各位游客大家好，欢迎大家来到古镇三河。我是古镇三河的景点讲解员，很高兴见到大家。大家看，这就是我们古镇三河的导游图，三河因丰乐河、杭埠河、小南河贯穿其间而得名。今天，我们将沿着小南河欣赏三河美丽的风景。大家，请跟我来。
眼前这座桥叫做仙归桥，素有仙人归来之意，因为我们三河是历史文化重镇，在海外和全国各地工作的人很多，这座桥表达了家乡人对游子的思念之情。大家请看我左手边，那边有个亭子叫做天然亭又称半亭，因为它只有半个亭子的大小，故称半亭。挺胸化作千枝笔，弄影又成一地书这个亭子上面雕刻着三河的一首名谣十大舍不得。
一舍不得，三河街花花世界
二舍不得，大河水淘米洗菜
三舍不得，中和祥焦切玉带
四舍不得，凌宝泰雨前茶，水到茶开
五舍不得，吴恒隆香米干子，香到门外
六不舍得，石头大桥下，大鲫鱼摇摆鼓塞
七舍不得，小月更上拉拉拽拽
八舍不得，天然楼的油炸烧卖
九舍不得，吴宏兴家的大瓜子一嗑两开
十舍不得，新华春炒菜一喊就来
大家请跟我来，这里就是古西街的入口处了，古西街全长有500多米，有一百多年的历史了，曾经颇有名气的商家就有十多家，如天然楼、吴恒隆、凌宝泰、大德昌等等商家。大家看我们脚下是青石铺
就的道路，经过百年时间的打磨已变得十分光滑，呈现出中间高两边低的状态，像鱼的脊背。两边是青砖小瓦的民居和整齐划一的油漆门板。不知道大家有没有注意，这每户每家门口上方挂有一个灯笼，这灯笼的正方写的是这家男主人的姓氏，如卢，就代表这家人性卢。而灯笼的后面则是这家人的祠堂名或群名。大家感兴趣的可以找下自己的姓氏。大家看那些飞檐高翘的墙叫做风火墙，也叫马头墙。因其形似马头，也就是相当于我们今天的防火墙。这种墙体具有浓厚的皖中徽派建筑特色。古代的建筑一般都为木建筑，怕天火，而风火墙呢，就可以起到隔绝火势蔓延的作用。这种设计既美观又实用，体现了我们古代三河人民的智慧。其实，我们古镇三河有着悠悠2500多年的历史，关于三河最早的文字记载始见于左传，其中记载的公元前537年，吴楚之间的鹊岸之战即发生于此。三河地理位置独特，水运发达，古代就靠水运发家。曾有小南京、小上海的美誉。一度成为皖中商品走廊和稻米集散地。 那么现在我们前往第一个景点，刘同兴隆庄。刘代表姓刘的人开的庄子，中间的同兴隆是这个庄子的'商号，庄主叫刘锦堂，他家有五个兄弟，他与二哥刘锦臣就住在刘同兴隆庄。整座刘同兴隆庄分为五进八厢三十二间房屋。临街是一幢二层木楼，二进为走马转心楼，后三进都是平房，建筑面积约有700平方米。
那现在咱们进去详细了解下。刘同兴隆庄门边一副对联：柜上长添新货色，门头不改老招牌
现在我们位于刘同兴隆庄第一进，我右手边是刘记米铺，左手边是刘记布庄，刘同兴隆庄主要经营各种布匹和大米。大米的日运销量可达五百多吨，年收入数万银元。此外，还开有盐铺，瓷器店，当铺等，是古镇最有名气的商家之一。现在，我们进入第二进，第二进为走马转心楼，又称小姐楼，就是刘家女眷所居住的地方了。大家抬头看，这屋顶呢，是当时从国外进口的琉璃瓦做成的，主要是起采光的作用。这上方有一轮美人靠，是当时设计者根据夫人，小姐的身形所设计的。小姐和夫人就靠着美人靠欣赏着当时刘同兴隆庄生意往来繁荣热闹的景象。而这里的两个水缸主要起灭火作用。现在我们进入第三进，大家看我右手边，这就是刘记盐铺，在当时并不是所有人都可以卖盐的，如果是普通老百姓卖盐那可是犯法的。由于刘同兴隆庄的主人刘锦堂是三河商会会长，他有这个权利经营盐铺。我左手边是瓷器店，这里面主要汇集了三大名瓷，河南的钧瓷，江西景德镇的青花瓷，以及福建德化的白瓷。当然了这里面都是仿品。我们现在前往第四进，大家看我右边这位女子就是我们刘同兴隆庄的女主人，刘夫人了。她手上拿着是一条金锁，当时买家将价格砍的很低，她想买又不舍得卖左右为难的表情。我左手边是当铺，里面是朝风，也就是当铺掌柜的。上裕国富/富时取物/缓时赎，下济民急/急处当衣/困时典。这体现了人文经商理念。每两进房屋之间都留下天井，自成独特排水体系。同时，也寄寓着“肥水不流外人田”的经商理念。每进一进这门槛也越来越高了，寓意着步步高升的意思。现在我们来到最后一进，第五进，会所中堂。我右手边这位穿红衣的男子就是刘同兴隆庄的主人，
刘锦堂了。他当时正在和客人谈生意，而左边这位美女是他们家大丫鬟，小翠。她正准备茶果以招待客人。我们刘同兴隆庄都是以蜡像的形式向大家展示，那都是根据刘家后人的回忆制作成的，模拟出生意往来繁荣热闹的景象。这中间是半张桌子，过去只有拿出半张桌子摆在客厅以示客人男主人不在家，女主人是不待客的，男主人回来时，就会拿出另外半张桌子，合拼成一张桌子。数间草屋闲临水，一枕秋声夜听泉。这里的泉不是指泉水，而是屋后的护城河。由于这里正在修建，不便参观，我们沿路返回。
现在我们所通过的巷子叫做合众巷，又叫三人巷，意思是说一次性可通过三个正常体裁的人并排而行。这后面还有个一人巷，顾名思义，一次性只能通过一个人。到了一人巷，会向大家提醒的。前面就是三河人民的母亲河，小南河。说到这里我就不得不提一下，三河历史上一次特大洪水，在1991年，三河的一条河流丰乐河决堤，大水仅用23分钟的时间就将整个三河淹没了。在那边有个基督教堂，大水将教堂都淹没了，只剩下教堂上方一个红十字架，来三河采访的记者看到这样的画面就写了个特写，标题是上帝也就不了你们了，可想当时三河的惨状了。然而呢，在这次洪水中解放军官解救了被困在三河的6000余人，并无一人死亡，这在三河历史上算的上是个奇迹了。我们继续往前走，大家看前方道路中央有棵树，叫做双子树，这棵树和我们刚提到三河1991年特大洪水有关，让我们加快步伐，去探个究竟吧。这棵树叫做双子树，在91年发洪水的时候，有两个顽皮的孩子因没有及时撤离，爬上了这棵树而得救，三河人民为了感谢
这棵树，就为它取名双子树。大家继续往前走，大水之后，三河也得到了一定的救济，大家看左边的房子，是由香港大公报的读者捐赠的，叫做竹苑新村，这些房子并不是真正的徽派建筑，它融合了许多现代化因素，如钢筋混凝土，铝合金窗子等。
大家看前面那座漂亮的桥叫座对月桥，但是很遗憾我们不通过这座桥，(这是仿照扬州瘦西湖的五亭桥)，现在我们就顺着小南河欣赏这里的美景。历史上三河有着小南京、小上海的美誉，它为稻米集散地和皖中商品走廊。40年代时，全国战乱，为躲避战乱，各地做生意的人纷纷来此安家，人口急剧增长7、8万人，但是1949年，全国解放后，人口急剧减少，在这段时期里，三河流传了一首民谣，十大舍不得。这首名谣里反映了许多我们三河的特色。如三舍不得，中和祥的焦切玉带，焦切玉带在晚清时期曾是贡品。四舍不得，凌宝泰雨前茶，水倒茶开，当地人有一个风俗习惯，吃早茶。三河人不喜欢在家里吃早饭，而是去早餐店，来杯大碗茶，吃着三河米饺，三河米饺是三河的正宗特色早点。出了三河就吃不出那个味了。五舍不得吴恒隆的虾米干子香到门外，吴恒隆的虾米干子包装以及味道都是各种各样的，成为许多游客来到三河的首选。六舍不得石头大桥下大鲫鱼摇摆鼓塞，说的是三河的一道土菜，清蒸大鲫鱼，当地人喜欢在鱼的肚子里放点瘦肉，这样不仅有吃出鱼的鲜美，也有肉的邮香了。十舍不得，新华春的炒菜一喊就来，也就是三河的小炒了。三河地处合肥，黄山，九华山一线上，很多游客选择在三河中转，所以三河打出
各位朋友，穿过午门，现在我们已经进入故宫。故宫中这第一进院落就是太和门广场。首先我们看到是内金水河，它子西向东婉言流过太和门广场，上边有五座汉白玉石桥，就是内金水桥，它们象征五德，即仁、义、礼、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品质为一身的意思。金水桥下市内金水河，内金水河从紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城内西侧南流，至武英殿东向，经武英殿门前，再东经涵道至太和门前。又经涵道东出至文渊阁前水池，从文渊阁东出经三座门前石桥，最后流入无门东侧筒子河，全长2100米。内金水河的作用不仅是故宫中排水的主要通道，也是宫中营造用水和灭火的主要水源，同时还起到了分隔空间、点缀景观的作用，使太和门广场在雄浑中不失秀美。
跨过金水桥，这片广场曾经是明代皇帝玉门听政时百官待驾的地方。何谓“御门听政”呢?这“御门”即指太和门，即前朝的正门，初建于明永乐年间，当时叫奉天门，明嘉靖年间改称皇极门，清顺治年后改称太和门。“听政”是指听取政事。明永乐皇帝朱棣迁都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火烧毁，朱棣曾在此御门听政，处理国家朝政。清朝入关后，清世祖福临的登基典礼、加封多尔衮为叔父摄政王、封吴三桂为平西王等活动都是在太和门举行的。
太和门东庑中间的门叫协和门，西庑中间的门叫熙和门。太和门、协和门、熙和门加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿称为“六合”。在太和门两旁还有两道门，分别为昭德门和贞度门。
过了太和门我们就来到了故宫中最重要的院落--太和殿及其广场。太和殿广场几本呈正方形，整个院落平坦宽阔，气势非凡。中间御路以青石，两侧青砖墁地。北有太和殿，南为太和殿，东为体仁阁，西为弘义阁，面积约3万平方米，是整座紫禁城面积的1/24。整个广场可容纳近7万人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、万寿这些重大活动的时候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿广场举行隆重的大朝礼。
大家请看，远处正前方是一片汉白玉雕砌的三层高台基，呈“土”字形，俗称“三台”。台基高8.13米，台边缘高7.12米，三层台基间，分列着18尊鼎式香炉。在每一层基座的边缘都伸出很多小龙头，那些小龙的名字叫“螭”，是传说中一种没有角的龙，这些小龙头实际上是大殿的排水系统。如果仔细看会发现每个龙头的嘴里都有一个小孔，即喷水孔，三层基座之上共设小龙头1142个，每当下大雨的时候，雨水便从1142个龙头嘴里的小孔内排出，非常壮观。为管中一景，被称为“千龙吐水”。三重台基承托着雄伟的三大殿，这就是故宫的中心建筑--太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形须弥座的南部，各位可以先在这里留个影，然后我们就去参观太和殿。
好!现在我们面前这座高台上的宏伟建筑就是太和殿，也就是民间所说的“金銮宝殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被视为黄泉的象征。太和殿始建于明永乐年间，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年间重建后改称皇极殿。清初顺治年间改称太和殿，康熙年间又两次大规模改造，才有今天我们看到的太和殿的规模。“太和”二字出自《周易*乾* 彖辞传》中的“乾道变化，各证性命，保合大和乃利贞。”“太”即大，“和”即和谐。意思是在天道的主宰夏，阴阳和合，太和元气常运不息，万物和谐共存。太和殿面阔11间，进深5间，殿高35.05米，面积约2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全国现存的最高、最大、最尊贵的宫殿，也是现存的中国宫殿建筑中规模最大的一座。太和殿在清明两代是举行大朝礼的地方。每逢元旦、冬至、万寿，即皇帝生日这三大节及皇帝登基、大婚、命将出征、金殿传胪等重大活动都要在他喝点举行隆重的庆典。此外，冬至圜丘坛大忌、孟春圜丘坛常雩礼、孟春祁谷坛前一日，皇帝也都要在太和殿阅视祭祀祝版。
大家请抬头看太和殿的屋顶，太和殿屋顶是采用古建筑中等级最高的重檐庑殿顶。屋顶正脊上两头的这两大琉璃构件叫大吻，吻上的龙形有镇火的意思。除了装饰性，它的使用功能是密合殿顶正脊和垂脊的交会处，以防风雨侵蚀。这两个大吻高3.4米，宽2.68米，重4.3吨，由13块琉璃构件组成，是现存古建中最大的吻。太和殿殿顶四面坡的筒子瓦上镶有琉璃帽钉两排，垂脊上还有10个垂脊兽，分别是龙、凤、狮、海马、天马、押鱼、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什，脊兽钱是骑凤仙人。脊兽和帽钉既有装饰作用又有实用性，他们起着固定屋顶琉璃瓦的作用。在我国古代，脊兽的数量依照建筑物的等级高低而不同，数量越多，代表了殿宇等级越高。太和殿的脊兽共有10只，全国只有故宫的太和殿是这样。此外，太和殿装饰用的彩绘也是最高等级的金龙和玺。
现在请大家跟随我一起登上高台来看看太和殿的内部陈设。太和殿由72根巨柱支撑，其中66根大红漆柱分布两侧，6根沥粉贴金蟠龙金柱分列宝座两旁。大殿内的地上是“金砖漫地”，这种金砖主要产于江苏省苏州，是专门为皇宫烧造的细料方砖。之所以叫金砖，是因为这种砖烧制时间130天，质地细密，敲之有金石之声。太和殿内的主要陈列室皇帝的宝座。宝座位于二米高的须弥式地平床上，通体雕以金龙，椅子后面是雕龙金漆的七扇屏风。金銮宝座是明代的遗物，清朝的皇帝继续使用。在袁世凯复辟的时候，曾经将它换成了一个西式靠背坐椅。解放以后，专家们在库房内发现了宝座的残件，经过一年多的研究整修，终于恢复了宝座原貌。
现在请大家抬头看，宝座的上方时蟠龙藻井，上圆下方，深1.8米，由上、中、下三部分组成，最下层是方井，中层为八角形，上部为圆形。井内蟠龙俯首向下，龙口衔一个铜胎中空的水银球。这个球被称为轩辕镜，寓意下面宝座上的皇帝是轩辕黄帝的正统继承人。藻井的设置一方面是烘托帝王的尊严，另一方面还有镇火的含义。
号，再来看宝座前方，大家可以看到宝座前设有脚踏、香筒、甪端、仙鹤、宝象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的时候用于放置檀香的，通过燃烧着的袅袅的香烟，烘托出一种神秘的气氛。再来看象，身上驼着宝瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉庆有余。而象身四脚立地，稳如泰山，则象征社会和政权的稳固，称为太平有象。甪端，是传说中的一种神兽，象征着当今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鹤被古人看作是一种长寿鸟，象征着江山长存。
看完了太和殿内景，现在，让我们转过头来再来看看殿外的陈设。在太和殿外的露台上左右各有一只龙头乌龟和一只铜鹤。龟鹤都是祥瑞长寿的动物，摆在这里有千秋万代的含义。再仔细观察一下，大家可能会发现，龟鹤实际上是香炉，龟鹤背上有一块可以开启的盖子，里面可以放香料，上大朝时燃香用，届时香烟从龟鹤口中逸出，烘托了一种神秘庄严地气氛。此外，在太和殿丹陛的东南角还设有日晷。日晷是我国古代的一种计时器，由晷盘和晷针组成，晷针从晷盘中心垂直穿过。自古以来，皇帝就有向天下颁布历书的责任，所以日晷的设置是国家的重器之一。太和殿西南角设有嘉量，是古代的标准量器，放置在这里象征国家的统一和强盛。这两件陈设象征皇帝在时间上和空间上都是公正无私的，对天下百姓都是坦诚、平等的。
此外，在太和殿外东西两侧还各有鎏金青铜太平缸两口，每口重约2吨。鎏金是一种金属加工工艺，据说这么大的太平缸需要用黄金100两。不幸的是，上面的黄金却被八国联军用军刀刮走了。现在我们还可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕迹。太平缸的主要用途是储水，以备日常洒扫庭院、防火之用。据记载明朝时有热水处太监在每年的小雪节令，便给缸加盖，缸座底下加帖抽，用来生活，以防止缸内的水结冰，清朝时也是如此。紫禁城内现在共有明清两朝遗留下来的铜质及铁质太平缸308口，其中鎏金金铜缸18口。
以上就是太和殿的情况。我刚才说了，太和殿是举行大典的地方，在古代，举行各种大典都要选良辰吉日，那么皇帝在何处等待这里是性时刻的来临呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿，那我们现在就去看看!
中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之间，正处于“土”字形须弥座的中部。殿为方形，四角攒尖，鎏金宝顶。中和殿在明朝初年称为华盖殿，嘉靖年间改称中极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。“中和”二字取自《礼记*中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之达道也。”体现了儒家中庸之道的思想。
在明清两代，凡遇到三大节举行庆典前，皇帝在赶赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受内阁、内大臣、都察院、翰林院官员及侍卫人员的朝贺。如果遇到皇帝亲自参加方泽、太庙、社稷及历代帝王庙、先师孔子、朝日、夕月等重大几点的时候，皇帝还要提前一天在中和殿阅览祝文，检查种子和农具。
过了中和殿，我们就来到了保和殿，它位于“土”字形须弥座的后部，为重檐歇山顶。明初永乐年间这里叫做谨身殿，嘉靖时改为建极殿，顺治年间改为中和殿。保和殿名称来源与太和殿相同，意思是统治者应该报纸天人合一，维护万物的平衡。
保和殿在明清两代用途不同。明朝的时候，在举行册立大典的是偶，皇帝都要在保和殿内更衣。在年底，还要在此宴请文武百官。在清朝时，每逢除夕，皇帝在这里举行宴会，宴请外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴请活动也在这里举行。到了乾隆皇帝以后，保和殿又多了一个用途，成为科举考试中殿试的地方。
大家随我往后走，大家看，在保和殿后的台阶上的这块石雕丹陛，是艾叶青石雕刻而成的，石雕四周都是卷草纹，下端是海水江牙纹，中央是飞云簇拥的九条蛟龙。制作非常精美，是难得的石雕珍品。这块丹陛石长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达200多吨，这是紫禁城内最大的一块石雕丹陛，采自北京房山境内的大石窝。
好啦!故宫的前三点讲解到此结束，现在请大家参观保和殿并稍作休息，我们10分钟后集合，谢谢大家!
Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.
Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.
Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.
There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.
When you look up the building in the Forbidden City, you can see mythical animal statues on the eaves of each building. Originally, there used to be big wooden nails on the roof to prevent the tiles from sliding down. Later they were replaced by glazed tiles, which were shaped into mythical animal statues for better beautification. They are symbols of auspiciousness and peace, and people believed that they are capable of subduing fire and warding off evil spirits.
Inside of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, you can see the gilded caisson ceiling high above the throne with a magnificent sculpture of a curling dragon playing with a huge pear was called “Xuanyuan Jing”， representing orthodox succession.
This hall is supported by 72 giant columns inside. In the old days, the traditional way of the Chinese to calculate a “room” is that: a square enclosed by four pillars was treated as one “room”， so the hall can be said to have 55 “rooms” in total. The six columns inside are gilded and painted with coiled dragon amidst clouds, and the rest are painted red.
The emperor's throne is placed on the dais in the center, and carved in cloud and dragon patterns and gilded. On both sides of the throne are a pair of elephant-shaped incense burners symbolize universal peace and two incense burners shaped as a mythical animal 9,000 kilometers per day and speaking all the languages of nearby kingdoms. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes and in front of the dais is four cloisonné incense burners. The floor on the ground is paved with “Gold Bricks”， specially made in Suzhou.
The Hall of Middle Harmony is a square-shaped hall with a single pyramidic roof standing behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This was the place where the emperor would take a short rest before he went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for grand ceremonies. Every year before the emperor went to the Altars and Temples, the emperor would receive and read the sacrificial address here.
Before the emperor went to the Altar of Agriculture for offering the sacrifice, the seeds intended for spring sowing and the ploughs were examined here, just to show the concern of the emperor for agriculture.
According to the rule, the imperial genealogy should be revised every ten years. The ceremony of presenting the genealogy to the emperor for revision and approval would also be held here.
Now, we come to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, the last of the three front halls.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, on each New Year's Eve and the 15th day of the lunar moth, banquets would be held to entertain the civil and military officials and the princes and envoys of the Mongolian nobles and other nationalities. To celebrate the princess's marriage, the emperor would incite the bridegroom and his father as well as their relatives who served for the imperial government to a banquet.
The Imperial Palace Exam was held here once every three years in the Qing dynasty.
Just behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony, there is a big Marble Rampcarved with mountain cliffs, sea waves, clouds and nine dragons. It is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons.
Hello, I'm director Lin from Fuzhou. Please give me more advice. Welcome tothe "happy time train". First of all, let's start from Beijing!
OK! Now we're at the "history and culture" station. Let me tell yousomething: Prince Gong's house was first built in 1776, which is more than 230years old. It was built for Heshen, a corrupt official. Later, Emperor Jiaqingmade 24 charges, so the house was confiscated. Because the last owner is PrinceGong Yixin, it is called Prince Gong's mansion. Please remember that the twoowners of this mansion are the corrupt official Heshen and Prince GongYixin.
Ladies and gentlemen, now we are at the "Fuchi" station. Do you know whyit's called "Fu Chi"? That's right! Because the shape of the pond is like a bat,he Shen wanted to make himself happy, so he chose the homonym "bat". He alsobuilt 999 bat like buildings in the palace.
We walked past the "Fuchi" and came to the picturesque "western gate"station. The door is exquisitely made, brightly colored and unparalleled. Butthis beautiful door is also one of the 24 crimes of Heshen, because it ismodeled on the western gate of Wanshou garden, the royal garden.
After entering the western gate and passing through the Zhulan corridor,you can see the study of Heshen. You can see a very grand building, which is ournext stop - "historical legend". There is a special way to get to the majesticmain hall. There is only one ladder on this road, followed by a straight andgentle slope. It is said that in his life, Heshen suffered only when he wasyoung, and then he went all the way to the top. So we can also cross the bottomof the ladder, throw all the troubles under the ladder, and then go all the waywith a happy mood!
After visiting Prince Gong's mansion unconsciously, please remember: thishistoric building stands in China! In addition, our train has arrived at theterminal. I hope you can have a safe journey and have a pleasant journey!
"The filled with clouds, Trinidad jiangling also on the 1st. On both sides of the YuanSheng crow, boats already past thousands of mountains". This is a known "early onset treasure". This poem describes is the beautiful three gorges scenery.
Let us stepping the ancient charm, close to the nature, to see the beautiful scenery of the three gorges!!!!
The three gorges is the floorboard of the qutang gorge, wu gorge and xiling. Between the yichang of hubei province and chongqing fengjie Yangtze river. The three gorges scenery, beautiful, grand and risks, quiet and beautiful. This is really make people intoxicated in it! The mountain of the three gorges, continuous, canopy; The three gorges water, fast water rises, blocking the traffic. Winter, spring water pool back clear, beautiful scenery; In autumn, when the water is cold and dry gas apes sound sad. Of the author, scenery beautiful, fisherman's song apes bird's cry fall, all reflect the beauty of the the broken pieces back together!
Now let us into the three gorges, use our hearts to feel the beauty of the broken pieces back together!
White horse temple in luoyang in henan province 12 km east of the old city, create the monastery yongping eleven years (AD 68), is China's first ancient temple, the world famous kuan ti, is the first temple built after the Buddhism was introduced into China, has the Chinese Buddhism "cradle" and "interpretation of the source," said, it has a history of more than 1900 years. The existing site sites for during the yuan, Ming and qing. Temple save a large amount of yuan dynasty clip Zhu dry paint Buddha statues such as iii, two days will be, and 18 arhats, precious.
In 1961, the white horse temple published by the state council of the People's Republic of China for the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1983, by the state council determine of national temple of Chinese Buddhism. In January 20xx, the white horse temple was named the national tourism administration led by batch AAAA level scenic area.
Yongping seven years (AD 64) of the eastern han dynasty, han emperor liuzhuang (Liu Xiuzhi) night, dream a tall, the head of light gold man from the west, in the court to fly around the house. The next morning, han Ming emperor will tell the dream to ministers, Dr Fu Yi speak said "western god, known as the Buddha, like your dream". Han Ming emperor listen to exultation, sent secretary Cai Yin, Qin Jing, such as more than 10 people to the western regions, worship the promise, the dharma.
Yongping eight years (AD 65), CAI qin, qin people say goodbye to the imperial city, such as on thousands of miles journey to "the west". In big moon people (now the Afghan border to central Asia area), met Indian monk teng, zhu flange, saw the white felt like buddhist scriptures and shakyamuni Buddha, pleaded with two monks in east China's buddhist teaching.
Yongping ten years (AD 67), two Indian monk was invited along with the angel of the eastern han dynasty, with the white horse bearing load buddhist scriptures, the Buddha with returned to luoyang. Han Ming emperor see sutras, the Buddha, very happy, to the two monks is extremely heavy, personally to reception, in charge of foreign affairs at the time and arrange their partners stay "crack hon temple".
Yongping eleven years (AD 68), han Ming emperor decree in luoyang west harmony three mile okimichi north monastery built outside the door. In honor of a white horse, carry the name "the white horse temple". "Temple" the word that comes from "hong crack temple," the "temple", then "temple" the word became a general Chinese temple. Taken the teng and zhu flange in the translation of "medallion 42", as China's first Chinese sutra existing.
After taken "teng and zhu flange, and a number of western monk came to the white horse temple by the translation, in the year 68 after one hundred and fifty years, one hundred and ninety-two, total three hundred and ninety-five rolls of sutras translation out here, white horse temple worthy of the first Chinese translation of the dojo.
Cao Wei Jiaping two years (AD 250), the Indian monk haze ke and came to the white horse temple. The street folk Buddhism also come into the palace. Then caleb haze ke luo in the white horse temple translation out of the first Chinese buddhist precepts "monk only guard". Rest at the same time, the monk haze truths, but also in the white horse temple monk of youth translation out of the specification of the haze karma without virtue ". At this point, the laws and the articles of association of the monk delegations have ready, maintain the practice of a middle is predestined friends the human tonsured paved roads, for the beginning of middle-earth in discipline.
Dew cao wei five years (AD 260), a bar mitzvah held in white horse temple, this is a doomed to imprinted doctrines on events in China. On this day, zhu zixing boarded the precept platform, in accordance with the act of karma to kneel in front of the Buddha, is China's first official of han been bhikshu precepts of the family. Since then, the Confucian "body hair skin, by the parents, afraid to damage" of the ancient tradition was broken.
Buddhism takes root in China, the original in two hundred, the entire process is closely related to the white horse temple. Here is the product of China's first western religion, was among the first to come to China missionary of buddhist monk's residence; Here was born the first Chinese buddhist precepts and Chinese, produced the first Chinese monks of han... Is the white horse temple, in short, China's Buddhism so many "first" closely linked together, which makes it become the cradle of Chinese Buddhism and the interpretation of the source.
Henan, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River incentral and eastern China, is called Henan because most of the area is locatedin the south of the Yellow River. In ancient times, in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yellow River, there were many rivers, dense forests and wildelephants. Henan was vividly described as the place where people led elephants.This is the origin of the pictograph "Yu" and the origin of Henan abbreviated as"Yu". Yugong, the book of history, divides the world into nine states. Yuzhou isone of the nine states in the world, so it is called central plains andZhongzhou.
famous scenery
There are three world cultural heritages in Henan: Longmen Grottoes, YinRuins and historical buildings in heaven and earth. There are 8 National 5Atourist attractions, including Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yuntai Mountainqingtianhe Shennong mountain, Qingming Shanghe garden, Yinxu, Baiyun Mountain,Yaoshan mountain Zhongyuan Buddha, Laojun Mountain Jiguan cave. There are fourworld geoparks: Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Wangwu mountain Daimeimountain and Funiu Mountain. 15 national key scenic spots: Songshan Mountain,Luoyang Longmen Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Wangwu mountain, Yuntai Mountain,Yaoshan mountain, Linwu mountain, qingtianhe River, Shennong mountain, Tongbaimountain Huaiyuan, Zhengzhou Yellow River scenic spot.
Best travel time
Henan has a warm temperate subtropical and humid semi humid monsoonclimate. Generally, it is characterized by cold winter, less rain and snow,drought in spring, more sandstorm, hot summer, abundant rain and sufficientsunshine in autumn. The best time to travel is autumn.
regional distribution
Henan Province governs 18 provincial cities, including 17 prefecture levelcities, 1 city directly under the provincial government, 50 municipal districts,20 county-level cities and 88 counties.
History and culture
Henan, known as the Central Plains in ancient times, is the birthplace ofChinese civilization and the Chinese nation. It is the core area of Chinesehistory before Yuan Dynasty. Luoyang (the ancient capital of fifteen dynasties),Kaifeng (the ancient capital of seven dynasties), Shangqiu (the ancient capitalof Six Dynasties), Zhengzhou (the ancient capital of Five Dynasties) and Anyang(the ancient capital of two dynasties) are all famous ancient capitals forthousands of years. The Xia Dynasty successively established its capital nearXiayi (now Shangqiu), Erlitou (now Luoyang) and Yangcheng (now Zhengzhou). TheShang Dynasty established its capital in Bo (today's Shangqiu) and later movedto "Yin" (today's Anyang). During the 4000 years from Xia to Jin, there weremore than 10 dynasties, and more than 200 emperors established or moved theircapitals in Henan for more than 3200 years. During the period of civil strife inChina, Henan was the place where the heroes "fought for the Central Plains". Thename of "China" came from the country whose center was located in the CentralPlains.
Hello, everyone! Welcome to the former resident of Mao ZeDong”. Now, we are facing a simple and unsophisticated farmhouse .we call it Shangchangwu. And our great chairman Mao Zedong was born in this place on December 26th, 1893. Although it is a quite common farmhouse with U-shape construction in South China, it possesses beautiful views with limpid water and green mountains. Once, here lived two families, Mao’s family and their next door neighbor. And the thirteen and a half rooms on the left hand belong to Mao’s family.
Look up! There hangs a red tablet inscribed with golden characters “The former resident of Mao Zedong”. The inscription was written by Chairman Deng Xiaoping on April 2nd, 1983. Now, let’s enter into the central room. It’s a place for Mao’s family and their neighbors enjoying together to entertain guests. The old fashioned table and chairs here are settled as they were many years ago. Please look at this! It is called Shenkan, which is a family area of worship of God and ancestors. When chairman Mao as a child, he often helped his parents doing some housework in this place. And the big buckets here are the original items in those years.
Here we come to the kitchen. Please look at that cooking range. It is made from mud bricks according to the memory of the old people when recovering the exhibition. There is a big Brazier put in the middle of the room. The southern peasant families usually have a room to keep warm by firing wood in winter. And there is an iron hook hung above it. It is called “Lutanggou” and it was used to boll water and rice. It is really a lively atmosphere when the whole family gets together and sits around the brazier to warm themselves and chat together. In the spring of 1921. It’s around this brazier that Mao Zedong persuaded his relatives to join the revolution. After hearing his brother Mao Zenmin’s suffering in that troubled times, Mao Zedong said that: “yes, it is not happen on only us, but all of us in the whole country! We can’t live without fighting against the evil. So we should do some benefit things for our society in spite of the safety of ourselves.” Afterwards, by the guiding of Mao Zedong, all his families devoted themselves to the revolutionary career. And there are 6 families sacrificed in the war.
Now we come into the bedroom of Mao’s parents and Mao was born just in this room on December 26th, 1893. There are portraits of Mao’s parents on the wall. His father—Mao Shunsheng was born in October, 1870 and was a very simple and diligent farmer. But unfortunately he died from acute febrile in his fifty in 1920.we should say that it is the father’s industry and good housekeeping management that supported Mao Zedong out learning in his early years. This lady was Mao’s mother—Wenshi. She was born in1867 and was not only diligent but also intelligent. This farm woman was so warm-hearted that she was always helping other neighbors. The good moral character of the parents gave a deep impression upon the great man. When Mao Zedong watched the portrait of his mother in 1959, he signed: “I’m really looks like my mother.” And yes, this old wooden bed in front of us is also an original one. .
This is Mao’s bedroom. The portrait on the wall was the group photo of Mao’s mother, Mao’s two brothers and himself in spring 1919 in Changsha. That year, Mao worked in Changsha and his little brother also studied in the city. Because his elder brother sent their badly sick mother to see a doctor in the provincial capital, the families had the chance to leave the memory. Also in this year’s October, his mother died. And the cherish photo was carefully collected by Mao’s mother’s family. The bedroom is also the study of Mao Zedong. Look, this is the oil lamp accompanied by Mao reading in his childhood. In summer nights, there were many mosquitoes. So he put up a mosquito net and only left his head outside to read. And in winter, he often stayed up to read books with this oil lamp. Even when he dropped out of school in his 13 to 15, he still read as many books as he could get Your attention, please! Otherwise you’ll miss an attic in this room. And it is in this room that the ShaoShan Branch of the Chinese Communist Party was set up. Ok, follow me please. Here is the site where MaoZedong placed his farm tools. He began his work at the age of six. From the age 13 to 15, because of lack of physical labor, he dropped out of school to work on the farm. Therefore, he was a professional farmer for two years. The water wheels and graphite here are stuff used by MaoZedong. Ok, so much for today. Hopefully, you shall have pleasant and unforgettable memories of the resident.